430
Index
modern, configuration, 297
motor controllers, 310–313
economic feasibility, 296
lead-acid, 307–308
lithium-based batteries, 310
nickel-based batteries, 310
and oil-run vehicles, 296
principle
battery pack charging, 297
battery types, 297
components, 296
electrical devices, loss in, 297
electricity power, 296–297
electrochemical energy
conversion and storage
systems, 297
operation, 297
petrol/diesel driven
vehicles, 297
power and energy
estimation, 297
requirement
abuse, 305
charging and discharging, 304
cycle-life, 304
degenerative stages, 304
power and energy efficiency, 304
recharge, overcharge and over
discharge, 305
temperature and charge
retention, 304
voltage and energy capacity, 304
solar vehicles, 317–319
tests
batteries, 315–316
cell characterization steps, 315
constant-wattage cycles, 316
driving life cycle, 315
environment, cell
characterization, 316
FUDS, SFUDS and GSFUDS life
cycle profiles, 315
performance optimization, 315
power and cycles, 315
range and acceleration, 316
vehicle platform, 315–316
transportation sector, 296
types, classification, 306–307
Electrochemical battery cell, 305
Electronic continuously variable
transmission (ECVT)
system, 366
operation, propulsion system, 376
advantages, 378
coaxial magnetic gear, 382–384
disadvantage, 378
double-rotor machines, 380–382
engine and wheel speed, 378
modulating ring, 382
motor and generator, 377
planetary gear, 376–377
slip rings and two power
converters, relationship,
379–380
torque and speed relationship,
377–378
weight and size, 380
Toyota hybrid system,
derivatives, 376
Endurance tests, 33–36
Energy
consumption, 1
amount, 3
trend, 2
in world, 4
and economic growth, 1
sources of, 1
hydro sources, 2
renewable, 2
Engine combustion studies
ignition delay, 114–115
low compression ratios, 115
methanol–diesel fuel blends, 114
peak cylinder gas pressure, 117–118
experimental results, 115
fuels, combustion
characteristics, 116
ORG injection timing, 115
ROHR, 115, 118
fuel injection pressure, 120
ignition delay in, 119–120
LHV of methanol, 119–120
rate of heat release, 119
retarding injection timing, 120
single-cylinder diesel engine, 115
Engine-heavy series-parallel hybrid
system
during accelerating, 369
Index
modern, configuration, 297
motor controllers, 310–313
economic feasibility, 296
lead-acid, 307–308
lithium-based batteries, 310
nickel-based batteries, 310
and oil-run vehicles, 296
principle
battery pack charging, 297
battery types, 297
components, 296
electrical devices, loss in, 297
electricity power, 296–297
electrochemical energy
conversion and storage
systems, 297
operation, 297
petrol/diesel driven
vehicles, 297
power and energy
estimation, 297
requirement
abuse, 305
charging and discharging, 304
cycle-life, 304
degenerative stages, 304
power and energy efficiency, 304
recharge, overcharge and over
discharge, 305
temperature and charge
retention, 304
voltage and energy capacity, 304
solar vehicles, 317–319
tests
batteries, 315–316
cell characterization steps, 315
constant-wattage cycles, 316
driving life cycle, 315
environment, cell
characterization, 316
FUDS, SFUDS and GSFUDS life
cycle profiles, 315
performance optimization, 315
power and cycles, 315
range and acceleration, 316
vehicle platform, 315–316
transportation sector, 296
types, classification, 306–307
Electrochemical battery cell, 305
Electronic continuously variable
transmission (ECVT)
system, 366
operation, propulsion system, 376
advantages, 378
coaxial magnetic gear, 382–384
disadvantage, 378
double-rotor machines, 380–382
engine and wheel speed, 378
modulating ring, 382
motor and generator, 377
planetary gear, 376–377
slip rings and two power
converters, relationship,
379–380
torque and speed relationship,
377–378
weight and size, 380
Toyota hybrid system,
derivatives, 376
Endurance tests, 33–36
Energy
consumption, 1
amount, 3
trend, 2
in world, 4
and economic growth, 1
sources of, 1
hydro sources, 2
renewable, 2
Engine combustion studies
ignition delay, 114–115
low compression ratios, 115
methanol–diesel fuel blends, 114
peak cylinder gas pressure, 117–118
experimental results, 115
fuels, combustion
characteristics, 116
ORG injection timing, 115
ROHR, 115, 118
fuel injection pressure, 120
ignition delay in, 119–120
LHV of methanol, 119–120
rate of heat release, 119
retarding injection timing, 120
single-cylinder diesel engine, 115
Engine-heavy series-parallel hybrid
system
during accelerating, 369