2
Viscosity, mm /S
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
ASTM minimum for no. 2 diesel
ASTM minimum for no. 1 diesel
Fuel temperature = 37.8°C
K. E. Wrage 5–2–78
No. 2 diesel
and ethanol
1.6
No. 1 diesel and ethanol
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Ethanol content, percent by volume
156
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Figure 5.17
Viscosity of diesel-ethanol blends. (From Wrage, K. E. and Goering, C. E., ASABE Transactions,
23, 1338–43, 1980. Reprinted with permission.)
impossible to meet the diesel fuel standard, the operational integrity of an
engine adjusted to run on conventional diesel fuel was not compromised
when run on diesohol. They pointed to the need for additional fuel property
specifications applicable to such blends to ensure they were compatible for
fueling diesel engines.
5.5.5 exhaust emissions with e-Diesel
Exhaust emissions play a major role in the assessment of engine performance
and the effect of changes in fuel properties. How biofuels alter the exhaust
emissions from diesel engines therefore is of great importance. A number
of studies have been carried out on E-diesel regarding both regulated and
unregulated emissions. Earlier tests focusing on soot, carbon monoxide
(CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions showed reductions in soot
(30–40%) and in CO, but HC emissions increased (Boruff et al. 1982; Wrage
and Goering 1980). Major reductions in PM emissions were obtained by Shi
Viscosity, mm /S
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
ASTM minimum for no. 2 diesel
ASTM minimum for no. 1 diesel
Fuel temperature = 37.8°C
K. E. Wrage 5–2–78
No. 2 diesel
and ethanol
1.6
No. 1 diesel and ethanol
1.4
1.2
1.0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Ethanol content, percent by volume
156
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Figure 5.17
Viscosity of diesel-ethanol blends. (From Wrage, K. E. and Goering, C. E., ASABE Transactions,
23, 1338–43, 1980. Reprinted with permission.)
impossible to meet the diesel fuel standard, the operational integrity of an
engine adjusted to run on conventional diesel fuel was not compromised
when run on diesohol. They pointed to the need for additional fuel property
specifications applicable to such blends to ensure they were compatible for
fueling diesel engines.
5.5.5 exhaust emissions with e-Diesel
Exhaust emissions play a major role in the assessment of engine performance
and the effect of changes in fuel properties. How biofuels alter the exhaust
emissions from diesel engines therefore is of great importance. A number
of studies have been carried out on E-diesel regarding both regulated and
unregulated emissions. Earlier tests focusing on soot, carbon monoxide
(CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions showed reductions in soot
(30–40%) and in CO, but HC emissions increased (Boruff et al. 1982; Wrage
and Goering 1980). Major reductions in PM emissions were obtained by Shi