168
6 Nanomaterials for Batteries
magnesium-air batteries in the future are fixed standby power sources and fixed
power stations in remote areas.
6.4.6 Conclusion
With the increase of the energy crisis and the deterioration of the environment,
people need to find new energy to satisfy the needs of human survival and development. Therefore, various types of batteries have been rapidly developed and received
widespread attention. Metal-air batteries can be used for power cars and mobile
power in no distant future for their high volumetric energy ratio, stable discharge
voltage, low cost, and faster operating temperature range.
6.5 Lithium-Sulfur Battery
In the current century, with the development of modern science, the technologies
of energy, environment, and information have become the most important fields in
human society. The research progress of economic and eco-friendly energy is playing
the vital role in improving our living standard sustainably. Nowadays, numerous
energy conversion and storage devices have been designed and used successfully,
such as the commercial solar cells, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, etc. Over the past 30 years, lithium-ion batteries have become the most
considerable and useful storage devices in various energy storage systems, due to
their lighter weight and higher capacity. Unfortunately, because of the poor lowtemperature performance, lifetime, energy density, and safety, it cannot meet the
requirements for large-scale storage in stationary power grids as well as the electric
vehicles. Therefore, it arouses people’s interests in investigating and designing new
system of lithium-ion battery.
Lithium-sulfur batteries have a higher energy density than existing lithium-ion
batteries, making them one of the most promising energy storage systems. The main
differences between those two types of batteries are their energy storage mechanisms, for example, the Li-ion can insert into and take off from the layered electrode
materials in lithium-ion batteries during charging and discharging process, which
has the limited capacity of 387 Wh kg
−1 according to the certain inserted sites. By
contrast, the operation of lithium-sulfur batteries instead of intercalation, which is
based on the metal plating and stripping on the lithium anode side and the conversion
reaction on the sulfur cathode side, is thereby leading to the high theoretical capacities of lithium negative and sulfur positive electrodes as 3860 and 1673 mAh g
−1 ,
respectively. Moreover, the average voltage of 2.2 V gives higher theoretical energy
density of 2600 Wh kg
−1 (Table 6.6) (Adelhelm et al. 2015; Seh et al. 2016b). For
6 Nanomaterials for Batteries
magnesium-air batteries in the future are fixed standby power sources and fixed
power stations in remote areas.
6.4.6 Conclusion
With the increase of the energy crisis and the deterioration of the environment,
people need to find new energy to satisfy the needs of human survival and development. Therefore, various types of batteries have been rapidly developed and received
widespread attention. Metal-air batteries can be used for power cars and mobile
power in no distant future for their high volumetric energy ratio, stable discharge
voltage, low cost, and faster operating temperature range.
6.5 Lithium-Sulfur Battery
In the current century, with the development of modern science, the technologies
of energy, environment, and information have become the most important fields in
human society. The research progress of economic and eco-friendly energy is playing
the vital role in improving our living standard sustainably. Nowadays, numerous
energy conversion and storage devices have been designed and used successfully,
such as the commercial solar cells, fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, etc. Over the past 30 years, lithium-ion batteries have become the most
considerable and useful storage devices in various energy storage systems, due to
their lighter weight and higher capacity. Unfortunately, because of the poor lowtemperature performance, lifetime, energy density, and safety, it cannot meet the
requirements for large-scale storage in stationary power grids as well as the electric
vehicles. Therefore, it arouses people’s interests in investigating and designing new
system of lithium-ion battery.
Lithium-sulfur batteries have a higher energy density than existing lithium-ion
batteries, making them one of the most promising energy storage systems. The main
differences between those two types of batteries are their energy storage mechanisms, for example, the Li-ion can insert into and take off from the layered electrode
materials in lithium-ion batteries during charging and discharging process, which
has the limited capacity of 387 Wh kg
−1 according to the certain inserted sites. By
contrast, the operation of lithium-sulfur batteries instead of intercalation, which is
based on the metal plating and stripping on the lithium anode side and the conversion
reaction on the sulfur cathode side, is thereby leading to the high theoretical capacities of lithium negative and sulfur positive electrodes as 3860 and 1673 mAh g
−1 ,
respectively. Moreover, the average voltage of 2.2 V gives higher theoretical energy
density of 2600 Wh kg
−1 (Table 6.6) (Adelhelm et al. 2015; Seh et al. 2016b). For