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J. R. Prasad et al.
it varies from vendor to vendor. eXtensible Access Control Markup Language:
Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) policies are majorly used by eXtensible
Access Control Markup Language (XACML). For its various internal formats usage
of XML is done. SPARQL: It is one of the semantic Query search language which
consist of SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query language.
Some terms related to semantic IoT required to be understood. Semantic Translation: Semantic translation is the mechanism that provides seamless communication
(one direction or bi-direction) between two different platforms created for the IoT
environment. Semantic interoperability: There is a lot of exchange of data, information, and knowledge in a meaningful manner between various applications, agents,
and services. Meanwhile, this information is communicated within various types of
heterogeneous IoT devices environment or ecosystem. This process is called semantic
interoperability. Open interoperability: In open interoperability, various IoT devices
from various heterogeneous backgrounds will be communicating with each other
irrespective of the vendors. They will be successfully communicating with each
other. Machine interpretability: In machine interpretability, various IoT devices will
be communicating with each other in machine-understandable format, which can
also be reused with the other environments to get faster results depending upon the
knowledge derived from the communicating devices.
There are many solutions proposed to overcome the problem of semantic IoT
interoperability till now. We will try to discuss some of the solutions in short.
The authors of the paper [1] focus on the Agent-Based Computing technique to
support modeling, programming, and simulations for IoT. The Agents are useful for
providing technical, syntactical, and semantic interoperability. But there are some
limitations, in such kind of agent-based solutions like they cannot be applied for IoT
everywhere. Agents are not the universal solution for semantic IoT interoperability.
In [2], authors have proposed a solution using ontology alignment used for semantic
translation for IoT with the help of Geospatial data. In [3], authors have proposed
a solution for identifying common patterns under the Inter IoT project applicable
for IoT artifact integration. In [4], authors have proposed a solution for semantic
Interoperability between the IoT devices. In [5], authors have proposed a solution
for simple and complex alignments under the Inter IoT project used for semantic
translation. The usage of a semantic Software tool called Inter Platform Semantic
Mediator (IPSM) was done. In [6], authors have proposed a solution for Semantic
similarity using different dimensions.
In [7], authors have surveyed for semantic interoperability under the INTER IoT
project for creating ontology from different data formats like RDF, XML, NoSQL
databases, JSON, relational databases. In [8], authors have proposed a solution
for semantic integration from a traditional approach to a cooperative approach for
Dependable Embedded Wireless Infrastructure (DEWI) EU project. In [9], authors
have proposed a solution with ontology-based management tools for semantic
Attribute-Based Access Control policies. In [10], authors have proposed a solution for
Identity management in IoT for overcoming the problem of semantic interoperability.
In [11], authors have proposed a solution for E/M health and transportation and
logistics using semantic interoperability in the IoT environment under the INTER
J. R. Prasad et al.
it varies from vendor to vendor. eXtensible Access Control Markup Language:
Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) policies are majorly used by eXtensible
Access Control Markup Language (XACML). For its various internal formats usage
of XML is done. SPARQL: It is one of the semantic Query search language which
consist of SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query language.
Some terms related to semantic IoT required to be understood. Semantic Translation: Semantic translation is the mechanism that provides seamless communication
(one direction or bi-direction) between two different platforms created for the IoT
environment. Semantic interoperability: There is a lot of exchange of data, information, and knowledge in a meaningful manner between various applications, agents,
and services. Meanwhile, this information is communicated within various types of
heterogeneous IoT devices environment or ecosystem. This process is called semantic
interoperability. Open interoperability: In open interoperability, various IoT devices
from various heterogeneous backgrounds will be communicating with each other
irrespective of the vendors. They will be successfully communicating with each
other. Machine interpretability: In machine interpretability, various IoT devices will
be communicating with each other in machine-understandable format, which can
also be reused with the other environments to get faster results depending upon the
knowledge derived from the communicating devices.
There are many solutions proposed to overcome the problem of semantic IoT
interoperability till now. We will try to discuss some of the solutions in short.
The authors of the paper [1] focus on the Agent-Based Computing technique to
support modeling, programming, and simulations for IoT. The Agents are useful for
providing technical, syntactical, and semantic interoperability. But there are some
limitations, in such kind of agent-based solutions like they cannot be applied for IoT
everywhere. Agents are not the universal solution for semantic IoT interoperability.
In [2], authors have proposed a solution using ontology alignment used for semantic
translation for IoT with the help of Geospatial data. In [3], authors have proposed
a solution for identifying common patterns under the Inter IoT project applicable
for IoT artifact integration. In [4], authors have proposed a solution for semantic
Interoperability between the IoT devices. In [5], authors have proposed a solution
for simple and complex alignments under the Inter IoT project used for semantic
translation. The usage of a semantic Software tool called Inter Platform Semantic
Mediator (IPSM) was done. In [6], authors have proposed a solution for Semantic
similarity using different dimensions.
In [7], authors have surveyed for semantic interoperability under the INTER IoT
project for creating ontology from different data formats like RDF, XML, NoSQL
databases, JSON, relational databases. In [8], authors have proposed a solution
for semantic integration from a traditional approach to a cooperative approach for
Dependable Embedded Wireless Infrastructure (DEWI) EU project. In [9], authors
have proposed a solution with ontology-based management tools for semantic
Attribute-Based Access Control policies. In [10], authors have proposed a solution for
Identity management in IoT for overcoming the problem of semantic interoperability.
In [11], authors have proposed a solution for E/M health and transportation and
logistics using semantic interoperability in the IoT environment under the INTER