196
8 Bioeconomy Lessons from Biofuel Policies …
Table 8.4
(continued)
Equalizing development
Brazilian sugarcane
ethanol and soy/beef
biodiesel
Brazilian
mixed-feedstock
biodiesel
Indian sugarcane
ethanol
Indian jatropha
biodiesel
Indonesian oil palm
biodiesel
Reduced vulnerability to
international market volatility
or foreign policy-making on
one’s development (i.e.,
extraterritorial control)
+1
+1
+1
0
−1 b
Total
+5
+4
+4
−1
+3
a
Although diesel’s replacement for biodiesel reduces greenhouse gas emissions, part of the time oil palm cultivation incurs emissions from land-use change;
therefore, in this simplified assessment, it is given a neutral performance on this criterion
b
Indonesia is increasingly turning its biodiesel supplies towards the domestic market, but most of the time it has been severely exposed to European extraterritorial
policy-making on sustainability