8.4 The Bioeconomy: Addressing or Aggravating North-South …
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Table 8.4
Assessment of biofuel production in Brazil, India, and Indonesia in terms of socio-environmental performance and equalizing development
Socio-environmental impacts Brazilian sugarcane
ethanol and soy/beef
biodiesel
Brazilian
mixed-feedstock
biodiesel
Indian sugarcane
ethanol
Indian jatropha
biodiesel
Indonesian oil palm
biodiesel
Climate change mitigation
+1
+1
+1
+1
0 a
Forest and natural ecosystems
conservation
0
0
0
0
−1
Ecological impacts from
within agricultural systems
(e.g., resource depletion,
pollution, agrobiodiversity
loss)
−1
−1
−1
−1
−1
Equitable access to land and
ownership/control of means
of production
−1
−1
−1
−1
0
Allocation of policy benefits
and burdens
−1
+1
0
−1
−1
Poverty reduction
0
+1
+1
0
+1
Total
−2
+1
0
−2
−2
Equalizing development
Brazilian sugarcane
ethanol and soy/beef
biodiesel
Brazilian
mixed-feedstock
biodiesel
Indian sugarcane
ethanol
Indian jatropha
biodiesel
Indonesian oil palm
biodiesel
Domestic ownership and
control over technology
+1
+1
+1
−1
+1
Value-added
+1
+1
+1
−1
+1
Absolute economic gains
+1
+1
+1
+1
+1
Relative economic gains (in
the case of biofuel exports)
+1
0
0
0
+1
(continued)