Disadvantages
• Necessity of electricity
• Separation only ionic components
• Necessity of concentrate treatment
6.6
Conclusion
Fluoride pollutant is considered to be highly life-threatening and the development of
cost-efficient, environmentally safe and effective method of remediation methods is
needed. Recently the defluoridation technology has not met the optimal conditions.
Because of their special properties, the application of membrane method use for
defluoridation remediation is proven advantageous. Several researchers reported
high defluoridation capacities by the use of various polymers, metal and
nanomaterial composite membranes. This chapter concludes use of membrane
technologies in remediation procedures for the reduction of fluoride. In fact, there
are several drawbacks that need change in technology.
Acknowledgement We acknowledge Bioscience and Biotechnology Department. We are deeply
grateful to prof. Aditya Shastri for the research amenities and the Bioinformatics Centre, Banasthali
Vidyapith, Rajasthan (India) for use of computational facilities. This study was funded by DST
major project entitled “Low Cost-Renewable Energy Driven (LC-RED) Water Treatment Solution
Centre” Ref No. DST/TM/WTI/WIC/2K17/124.
References
Adamczak M, Kamińska G, Bohdziewicz J (2019) Preparation of polymer membranes by in situ
interfacial polymerization. Int J Polym Sci 2019:1–13
Annadurai ST, Rengasamy JK, Sundaram R, Munusamy AP (2014) Incidence and effects of
fluoride in Indian natural ecosystem: a review. Adv Appl Sci Res 5(2):173–185
Athanasekou CP, Romanos GE, Katsaros FK, Kordatos K, Likodimos V, Falaras P (2012) Very
efficient composite titania membranes in hybrid ultrafiltration/photocatalysis water treatment
processes. J Membr Sci 392:192–203
Balta S, Sotto A, Luis P, Benea L, Van der Bruggen B, Kim J (2012) A new outlook on membrane
enhancement with nanoparticles: the alternative of ZnO. J Membr Sci 389:155–161
Baunthiyal M, Ranghar S (2015) Accumulation of fluoride by plants: potential for
phytoremediation. Clean Soil Air Water 43(1):127–132
Bernardes PC, de Andrade NJ, da Silva LHM, de Carvalho AF, Fernandes PÉ, Araújo EA, de Sá
JPN (2014) Modification of polysulfone membrane used in the water filtration process to reduce
biofouling. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14(8):6355–6367
Bhattacharya P, Samal AC (2018) Fluoride contamination in groundwater, soil and cultivated
foodstuffs of India and its associated health risks: a review. Res J Recent Sci 7(4):36–47
Boussu K, Vandecasteele C, Van der Bruggen B (2006) Study of the characteristics and the
performance of self-made nanoporous polyethersulfone membranes. Polymer 47
(10):3464–3476
Buonomenna MG (2016) Smart composite membranes for advanced wastewater treatments. In:
Smart composite coatings and membranes. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, pp 371–419
6 Fluoride Remediation Using Membrane Processes
191
• Necessity of electricity
• Separation only ionic components
• Necessity of concentrate treatment
6.6
Conclusion
Fluoride pollutant is considered to be highly life-threatening and the development of
cost-efficient, environmentally safe and effective method of remediation methods is
needed. Recently the defluoridation technology has not met the optimal conditions.
Because of their special properties, the application of membrane method use for
defluoridation remediation is proven advantageous. Several researchers reported
high defluoridation capacities by the use of various polymers, metal and
nanomaterial composite membranes. This chapter concludes use of membrane
technologies in remediation procedures for the reduction of fluoride. In fact, there
are several drawbacks that need change in technology.
Acknowledgement We acknowledge Bioscience and Biotechnology Department. We are deeply
grateful to prof. Aditya Shastri for the research amenities and the Bioinformatics Centre, Banasthali
Vidyapith, Rajasthan (India) for use of computational facilities. This study was funded by DST
major project entitled “Low Cost-Renewable Energy Driven (LC-RED) Water Treatment Solution
Centre” Ref No. DST/TM/WTI/WIC/2K17/124.
References
Adamczak M, Kamińska G, Bohdziewicz J (2019) Preparation of polymer membranes by in situ
interfacial polymerization. Int J Polym Sci 2019:1–13
Annadurai ST, Rengasamy JK, Sundaram R, Munusamy AP (2014) Incidence and effects of
fluoride in Indian natural ecosystem: a review. Adv Appl Sci Res 5(2):173–185
Athanasekou CP, Romanos GE, Katsaros FK, Kordatos K, Likodimos V, Falaras P (2012) Very
efficient composite titania membranes in hybrid ultrafiltration/photocatalysis water treatment
processes. J Membr Sci 392:192–203
Balta S, Sotto A, Luis P, Benea L, Van der Bruggen B, Kim J (2012) A new outlook on membrane
enhancement with nanoparticles: the alternative of ZnO. J Membr Sci 389:155–161
Baunthiyal M, Ranghar S (2015) Accumulation of fluoride by plants: potential for
phytoremediation. Clean Soil Air Water 43(1):127–132
Bernardes PC, de Andrade NJ, da Silva LHM, de Carvalho AF, Fernandes PÉ, Araújo EA, de Sá
JPN (2014) Modification of polysulfone membrane used in the water filtration process to reduce
biofouling. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14(8):6355–6367
Bhattacharya P, Samal AC (2018) Fluoride contamination in groundwater, soil and cultivated
foodstuffs of India and its associated health risks: a review. Res J Recent Sci 7(4):36–47
Boussu K, Vandecasteele C, Van der Bruggen B (2006) Study of the characteristics and the
performance of self-made nanoporous polyethersulfone membranes. Polymer 47
(10):3464–3476
Buonomenna MG (2016) Smart composite membranes for advanced wastewater treatments. In:
Smart composite coatings and membranes. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, pp 371–419
6 Fluoride Remediation Using Membrane Processes
191