Horticulture rates (500 kg / ha) are not justified, while in agriculture 40 kg/ha is
applied, in the idea that much seed ensures success. This is not true; success is only
ensured by ensuring the right growth conditions. It is considered normal for the
temperate zone a sowing rate of 50–100 kg/ha and a little less for the tropical climate.
If vegetative material specifically adapted to particular conditions such as those in
metallic hatches could be identified, for example, then cloning and vegetative
propagation is an effective stabilization method, ensuring the preservation of the
unmodified genetic features of the adapted material.
The vegetative material planted in the field will require the same attention with
regard to the breeding and maintenance work as the sowing material. Even if the
starting material is bigger (plant) and has a larger reserve of nutrients in the short
term, it will in the long run require the same nitrogen and other nutrients as seeding
(Carrasco et al. 2018).
Trees and Shrubs Used in the Recultivation of Degraded Lands As with
herbaceous plants, the choice of species is immense. For planting on degraded
land, it is necessary to choose species known to be well adapted to the local
environment, with the agreement of the forest inspectorate. Generally, the most
valuable species are the natural pioneers. It is possible to identify species that are
particularly adapted to the difficult conditions of nutrient deficiency, the deficiency
that is present in the early natural vegetation sequence on degraded lands.
Trees As with herbs, species should also be chosen according to the particular
features of the site such as pH and climate. There are a number of trees in the
temperate area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia (acacia), Cercis siliquastrum,
Gleditsia triacanthos, Gymnocladus dioica, and Sophora japonica, and in the
warm climate, the Acacia species, as well as other tree species, are leguminous
and have the ability to fix the nitrogen ex. species of Alnus, H. rhamnoides. These
species grow relatively quickly without the addition of fertilizers (nitrogen) and
represent tools in the rehabilitation of degraded or technogenic land, although
sometimes they require the addition of other nutrients.
Shrubs The choice of shrubs is also immense. There is no question of commercial
use, specifically chosen will be those that have the most appropriate attributes to
ground conditions and which perform well the fastening role. Among the very
valuable shrubs with the ability to fix the nitrogen are the legumes of Ulex,
Sarothamnus, and Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus (shrubs) and H. rhamnoides.
Other shrubs often used for fixing degraded lands and landfills are dogwood
(Cornus sanguinea), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), privet (Ligustrum vulgare),
broom (Cytisus nigricans) wayfarer and guelder rose (Viburnum lanthanum, Viburnum opulus), etc. The assortment of forest species that provides good results on the
waste dumps is rich, the species used depends on the existing stationary conditions
or created by the improvement works (van Kuijk et al. 2014).
Soil-improving species (nitrogen fixators), such as the locust tree
(R. pseudoacacia), the alder (Alnus), the elaeagnus (Elaeagnus), and the
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applied, in the idea that much seed ensures success. This is not true; success is only
ensured by ensuring the right growth conditions. It is considered normal for the
temperate zone a sowing rate of 50–100 kg/ha and a little less for the tropical climate.
If vegetative material specifically adapted to particular conditions such as those in
metallic hatches could be identified, for example, then cloning and vegetative
propagation is an effective stabilization method, ensuring the preservation of the
unmodified genetic features of the adapted material.
The vegetative material planted in the field will require the same attention with
regard to the breeding and maintenance work as the sowing material. Even if the
starting material is bigger (plant) and has a larger reserve of nutrients in the short
term, it will in the long run require the same nitrogen and other nutrients as seeding
(Carrasco et al. 2018).
Trees and Shrubs Used in the Recultivation of Degraded Lands As with
herbaceous plants, the choice of species is immense. For planting on degraded
land, it is necessary to choose species known to be well adapted to the local
environment, with the agreement of the forest inspectorate. Generally, the most
valuable species are the natural pioneers. It is possible to identify species that are
particularly adapted to the difficult conditions of nutrient deficiency, the deficiency
that is present in the early natural vegetation sequence on degraded lands.
Trees As with herbs, species should also be chosen according to the particular
features of the site such as pH and climate. There are a number of trees in the
temperate area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia (acacia), Cercis siliquastrum,
Gleditsia triacanthos, Gymnocladus dioica, and Sophora japonica, and in the
warm climate, the Acacia species, as well as other tree species, are leguminous
and have the ability to fix the nitrogen ex. species of Alnus, H. rhamnoides. These
species grow relatively quickly without the addition of fertilizers (nitrogen) and
represent tools in the rehabilitation of degraded or technogenic land, although
sometimes they require the addition of other nutrients.
Shrubs The choice of shrubs is also immense. There is no question of commercial
use, specifically chosen will be those that have the most appropriate attributes to
ground conditions and which perform well the fastening role. Among the very
valuable shrubs with the ability to fix the nitrogen are the legumes of Ulex,
Sarothamnus, and Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnus (shrubs) and H. rhamnoides.
Other shrubs often used for fixing degraded lands and landfills are dogwood
(Cornus sanguinea), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas), privet (Ligustrum vulgare),
broom (Cytisus nigricans) wayfarer and guelder rose (Viburnum lanthanum, Viburnum opulus), etc. The assortment of forest species that provides good results on the
waste dumps is rich, the species used depends on the existing stationary conditions
or created by the improvement works (van Kuijk et al. 2014).
Soil-improving species (nitrogen fixators), such as the locust tree
(R. pseudoacacia), the alder (Alnus), the elaeagnus (Elaeagnus), and the
114
M. Butu et al.