4.10.2 Plants Used in Recultivation of Degraded Lands
Herbaceous plants. In most cases of redevelopment of degraded lands, the formation of a grassy vegetal carpet is a final target or intermediate step to reach the final
goal that can be a forest, arable land, or a park. As a rule among the herbs that live on
a meadow, there are legumes that have a great capacity to fix the atmospheric
nitrogen, and among them, T. pratense is the most widespread. In each climatic
zone, there is a larger or smaller number of herbaceous plants that can be used in the
rehabilitation works of the areas under rehabilitation.
In the United Kingdom, in 1980, 140 species of herbs and 70 leguminous species
were identified, among which the species suitable for recultivation can be chosen.
The issue is which species are suitable for land rehabilitation, how to make choices,
and what are the best methods of sowing? From the point of recultivation of a
degraded area, the most important consideration should be the adaptation of plants to
the soil (soil) conditions. On the other hand, some of these plants are easy to obtain
through the seeds produced by specialized producers; others are found only as wild
plants.
Wild plants should not be ignored because they can have a number of extremely
favorable features and can provide very useful services in planting and permanent
planting activity. Within each species, there are usually many varieties and varieties
with different attributes of strength, wintering, requirements for soil and climate
conditions, etc.
Searching for the most appropriate varieties is a useful expense because a fair
choice must take into account all the differences regarding the persistence and easy
maintenance of the final vegetal carpet (Küpper and Andresen 2016).
Leguminous plants are a crucial component in almost all herb mixtures because
they contribute to maintaining an adequate nitrogen influx and ensure the provision
of an adequate amount of organic nitrogen in the new soil in formation. They
eliminate the need for nitrogen treatments for maintenance by increasing the amount
of mineralizable nitrogen. Thus, T. pratense is a better fertilizer than chemical
fertilizer treatments as it provides nitrogen gradually and continuously. And in the
case of legumes, the choice of species depends on soil and climate conditions.
Usually the most suitable legumes are those used in agriculture because they have
a high rate of nitrogen fixation. Legumes are suitable due to symbiosis with the
Rhizobium bacterium that fixes in the roots and forms the nitrogen fixation nodules.
The use of seeds already infected with Rhizobium is applied. It is also possible to use
the soil in which the legumes have already been grown to bring an appropriate
supply of suitable Rhizobium bacteria.
Sometimes the so-called cultures are being made nude. The species used for this
purpose must be chosen according to the intended purpose. Soil preparation and
sowing are usually done using the same methods that are commonly used in
agriculture and with the same machinery. The sowing rate (the amount of seed per
hectare) may vary depending on the land and the site, but here is also good to follow
the practice of agricultural work.
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Herbaceous plants. In most cases of redevelopment of degraded lands, the formation of a grassy vegetal carpet is a final target or intermediate step to reach the final
goal that can be a forest, arable land, or a park. As a rule among the herbs that live on
a meadow, there are legumes that have a great capacity to fix the atmospheric
nitrogen, and among them, T. pratense is the most widespread. In each climatic
zone, there is a larger or smaller number of herbaceous plants that can be used in the
rehabilitation works of the areas under rehabilitation.
In the United Kingdom, in 1980, 140 species of herbs and 70 leguminous species
were identified, among which the species suitable for recultivation can be chosen.
The issue is which species are suitable for land rehabilitation, how to make choices,
and what are the best methods of sowing? From the point of recultivation of a
degraded area, the most important consideration should be the adaptation of plants to
the soil (soil) conditions. On the other hand, some of these plants are easy to obtain
through the seeds produced by specialized producers; others are found only as wild
plants.
Wild plants should not be ignored because they can have a number of extremely
favorable features and can provide very useful services in planting and permanent
planting activity. Within each species, there are usually many varieties and varieties
with different attributes of strength, wintering, requirements for soil and climate
conditions, etc.
Searching for the most appropriate varieties is a useful expense because a fair
choice must take into account all the differences regarding the persistence and easy
maintenance of the final vegetal carpet (Küpper and Andresen 2016).
Leguminous plants are a crucial component in almost all herb mixtures because
they contribute to maintaining an adequate nitrogen influx and ensure the provision
of an adequate amount of organic nitrogen in the new soil in formation. They
eliminate the need for nitrogen treatments for maintenance by increasing the amount
of mineralizable nitrogen. Thus, T. pratense is a better fertilizer than chemical
fertilizer treatments as it provides nitrogen gradually and continuously. And in the
case of legumes, the choice of species depends on soil and climate conditions.
Usually the most suitable legumes are those used in agriculture because they have
a high rate of nitrogen fixation. Legumes are suitable due to symbiosis with the
Rhizobium bacterium that fixes in the roots and forms the nitrogen fixation nodules.
The use of seeds already infected with Rhizobium is applied. It is also possible to use
the soil in which the legumes have already been grown to bring an appropriate
supply of suitable Rhizobium bacteria.
Sometimes the so-called cultures are being made nude. The species used for this
purpose must be chosen according to the intended purpose. Soil preparation and
sowing are usually done using the same methods that are commonly used in
agriculture and with the same machinery. The sowing rate (the amount of seed per
hectare) may vary depending on the land and the site, but here is also good to follow
the practice of agricultural work.
4 Advanced Technologies for Ecological Reconstruction and Bioremediation of. . .
113