Table 8.4 (continued)
Industries
Pollutants
Adverse effects
References
Solvent
extraction/
dewaxing/
propane
deasphalting
Furfural, phenol,
toluene, methylethyl-ketone,
asphalted propane,nhexane
Harmful for central
nervous system.
Central Pollution Control Board, India
(2018)
Breathing trouble
Irritation of skin
Liver damage
Adverse reproductive effects such as
sperm changes and
infertility
Sulphur
recovery unit
Amines, Sulphur
compounds, ammonia, suspended
solids, free
hydrocarbons
Irritation and itching
of skins.
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010),
Environmental Update
#12, 2003, and Pathak
and Mandalia (2012)
Corrosion of
equipment.
Heat
exchangers
Oily sludge
Scale formation and
deposition of sludge
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010)
and Environmental
Update #12, 2003
The removal of
deposited oil sludge
from shell side of
heat exchanger is
very costly.
Cooling
tower
Oily sour water,
suspended solids,
dissolved solids,
heavy metals
Scaling, fouling and
discolouration of
apparatus.
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010),
Patwardhan (2008),
and Central Pollution
Control Board, India
(2018)
Decrease the working efficiency of
equipment.
Blow-down
Sulphur compounds,
organo-metallic
compounds, organic
nitrogen compounds, different
solvents
Toxic and injurious
to health.
Central Pollution Control Board, India
(2018), International
Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association
(2010), and Crompton
(2017)
Harmful effects on
aquatic life in ocean
Organic solvents are
highly toxic and
corrosive.
Petrochemical complex
Phenols, methanol,
organic acids, heavy
alcohol, acetic acid,
benzene, cumene,
toluene, xylene,
acetonitrile
Global warming
Tehrani et al. (2016)
and Sharma et al.
(2017)
Cause acid rain
Shortness of breath,
eye irritation, dizziness, cough, nose
congestion, sore
throat and weakness
Risk of mortality,
lung cancer, chronic
respiratory disease
and heart disease,
damage liver and
kidneys.
(continued)
8 Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Water
245
Industries
Pollutants
Adverse effects
References
Solvent
extraction/
dewaxing/
propane
deasphalting
Furfural, phenol,
toluene, methylethyl-ketone,
asphalted propane,nhexane
Harmful for central
nervous system.
Central Pollution Control Board, India
(2018)
Breathing trouble
Irritation of skin
Liver damage
Adverse reproductive effects such as
sperm changes and
infertility
Sulphur
recovery unit
Amines, Sulphur
compounds, ammonia, suspended
solids, free
hydrocarbons
Irritation and itching
of skins.
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010),
Environmental Update
#12, 2003, and Pathak
and Mandalia (2012)
Corrosion of
equipment.
Heat
exchangers
Oily sludge
Scale formation and
deposition of sludge
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010)
and Environmental
Update #12, 2003
The removal of
deposited oil sludge
from shell side of
heat exchanger is
very costly.
Cooling
tower
Oily sour water,
suspended solids,
dissolved solids,
heavy metals
Scaling, fouling and
discolouration of
apparatus.
International Petroleum
Industry Environmental Conservation Association (2010),
Patwardhan (2008),
and Central Pollution
Control Board, India
(2018)
Decrease the working efficiency of
equipment.
Blow-down
Sulphur compounds,
organo-metallic
compounds, organic
nitrogen compounds, different
solvents
Toxic and injurious
to health.
Central Pollution Control Board, India
(2018), International
Petroleum Industry
Environmental Conservation Association
(2010), and Crompton
(2017)
Harmful effects on
aquatic life in ocean
Organic solvents are
highly toxic and
corrosive.
Petrochemical complex
Phenols, methanol,
organic acids, heavy
alcohol, acetic acid,
benzene, cumene,
toluene, xylene,
acetonitrile
Global warming
Tehrani et al. (2016)
and Sharma et al.
(2017)
Cause acid rain
Shortness of breath,
eye irritation, dizziness, cough, nose
congestion, sore
throat and weakness
Risk of mortality,
lung cancer, chronic
respiratory disease
and heart disease,
damage liver and
kidneys.
(continued)
8 Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Water
245