8.4 Treatment of Wastewater in Petroleum Industries
Oily wastewater treatment is essential before being released to the environment due
to its high contaminant (mainly hydrocarbons) content that potentially pollutes
coastal waters, rivers, ground water, oceans and can cause negative impact on the
Table 8.4 (continued)
Industries
Pollutants
Adverse effects
References
Fertilizer industry
Urea, methanol,
isobutene, pentylpyrone, methyl ethyl
amine
Acid rain
Sengupta (2019) and
Hunt (2019)
Soil acidification
Burning of crops
Fishes die
Cause gastric cancer, goitre, birth
malformations and
hypertension, testicular cancer & stomach cancer
Textile industry
Detergents, solvents,
coloured pigments,
grease, dioxin
Highly toxic
Malik et al. (2014) and
Vineta et al. (2014)
DNA damage
May cause cancer
Aesthetic issues
Suppression of
human immune
system
Polymeric industry
Acylonitrile,
terephthalic acid,
di-isocyanate,
bisphenol A epichlorohydrin,
polyesterpolyols,
Toxic for marine
mammals
Sher et al. (2013) and
Central Pollution Control Board, India (2013)
Promote endocrine
disruption
Irritation of nose,
mouth and skin.
May cause cancer
Decrease thyroid
hormone receptor
(TR) activity
Disrupt normal,
physiological levels
of sex hormones
Paint industry
Ethyl benzene,
di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate,
tetrachloroethylene,
toluene, xylene
Headaches, trigger
allergies and asthmatic reactions, irritate skin, eyes
Aboulhassan et al.
(2014) and Porwal
(2015)
Risk of certain types
of cancer
(in particular lung
cancer)
246
M. Samanta and D. Mitra
Oily wastewater treatment is essential before being released to the environment due
to its high contaminant (mainly hydrocarbons) content that potentially pollutes
coastal waters, rivers, ground water, oceans and can cause negative impact on the
Table 8.4 (continued)
Industries
Pollutants
Adverse effects
References
Fertilizer industry
Urea, methanol,
isobutene, pentylpyrone, methyl ethyl
amine
Acid rain
Sengupta (2019) and
Hunt (2019)
Soil acidification
Burning of crops
Fishes die
Cause gastric cancer, goitre, birth
malformations and
hypertension, testicular cancer & stomach cancer
Textile industry
Detergents, solvents,
coloured pigments,
grease, dioxin
Highly toxic
Malik et al. (2014) and
Vineta et al. (2014)
DNA damage
May cause cancer
Aesthetic issues
Suppression of
human immune
system
Polymeric industry
Acylonitrile,
terephthalic acid,
di-isocyanate,
bisphenol A epichlorohydrin,
polyesterpolyols,
Toxic for marine
mammals
Sher et al. (2013) and
Central Pollution Control Board, India (2013)
Promote endocrine
disruption
Irritation of nose,
mouth and skin.
May cause cancer
Decrease thyroid
hormone receptor
(TR) activity
Disrupt normal,
physiological levels
of sex hormones
Paint industry
Ethyl benzene,
di-(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate,
tetrachloroethylene,
toluene, xylene
Headaches, trigger
allergies and asthmatic reactions, irritate skin, eyes
Aboulhassan et al.
(2014) and Porwal
(2015)
Risk of certain types
of cancer
(in particular lung
cancer)
246
M. Samanta and D. Mitra