5.2.6 Fluoranthene
Fluoranthene is a four-benzene ring containing high molecular weight compound. It
has been classified as priority pollutant by Environmental Protection Agency
(Abdel-Shafy and Mansour 2016). It is believed to be quite immiscible in water
with solubility of 0.25 mg L
À1 and, hence, is less bioavailable (Okere and Semple
2012). It has been used as a model complex, because of its presence in other high
molecular weight carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Pothuluri and
Cerniglia 1994).
5.2.7 Pyrene
Pyrene is a four-ring-membered recalcitrant contaminant (Wang et al. 2012). It is
less bio-available and highly opposing to biological attack (Dissanayake et al. 2010).
Because of its wide distribution in water bodies, it creates threat to aquatic life and
humans owing to its toxicity (Oliveira et al. 2012).
5.2.8 Benzo[a]anthracene
Benz[a]anthracene is a four-benzene ring containing high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons classified priority pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency. It has been called as carcinogenic owing to its high chemical
stability (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1995). Due to its
higher condensed form, it is relatively unmanageable.
5.2.9 Chrysene
The Environmental Protection Agency has included chrysene in to its priority
pollutant record due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects (Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Nwaichi et al. 2016). The prolonged being of
chrysene in the atmosphere is due to its low water solubility lying between 1.6 and
2.2 mg L
À1 and high molecular weight (May et al. 1978).
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Fluoranthene is a four-benzene ring containing high molecular weight compound. It
has been classified as priority pollutant by Environmental Protection Agency
(Abdel-Shafy and Mansour 2016). It is believed to be quite immiscible in water
with solubility of 0.25 mg L
À1 and, hence, is less bioavailable (Okere and Semple
2012). It has been used as a model complex, because of its presence in other high
molecular weight carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Pothuluri and
Cerniglia 1994).
5.2.7 Pyrene
Pyrene is a four-ring-membered recalcitrant contaminant (Wang et al. 2012). It is
less bio-available and highly opposing to biological attack (Dissanayake et al. 2010).
Because of its wide distribution in water bodies, it creates threat to aquatic life and
humans owing to its toxicity (Oliveira et al. 2012).
5.2.8 Benzo[a]anthracene
Benz[a]anthracene is a four-benzene ring containing high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons classified priority pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency. It has been called as carcinogenic owing to its high chemical
stability (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1995). Due to its
higher condensed form, it is relatively unmanageable.
5.2.9 Chrysene
The Environmental Protection Agency has included chrysene in to its priority
pollutant record due to its mutagenic and carcinogenic effects (Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Nwaichi et al. 2016). The prolonged being of
chrysene in the atmosphere is due to its low water solubility lying between 1.6 and
2.2 mg L
À1 and high molecular weight (May et al. 1978).
136
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