5.2.10 Benzo[a]pyrene
Out of all the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene is the prime
suspected carcinogen. Its presence in non-aqueous phase is because of its extremely
small solubility of 3.8 μg L
À1 with a large partition factor (Ko/w: 6.04) (Manoli and
Samara 1999). It is considered as the most potent carcinogenic as well as genotoxic
complex and has been widely studied until now (Kot-Wasik et al. 2004).
5.2.11 Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene
It is a six-benzene ring containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and defined as a
main concern pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency (Lawal 2017; Ping
et al. 2017a). The World Health Organization has suggested its maximum value of
200 ng L
À1 to be adopted as allowable concentration in drinking water (Ping et al.
2017b).
5.2.12 Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
It is a white-yellow crystalline polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of five
fused aromatic rings. It is commonly found in smoke and oil spills. It was not
detected in humans, but its content in smoked meat was quite high with level of
0.0024 mg kg
À1 day
À1 . It was found to be most dosed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic species (Taiwo et al. 2019).
5.2.13 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
It has been found to be one of the most clustered benzene rings containing compound. There is very limited information about this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, making its exploration even important to make the environment safe and free
from it. Its content found in the sludge of China was less than 5000 ng g
À1 (Sun et al.
2019a, b).
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
137
Out of all the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene is the prime
suspected carcinogen. Its presence in non-aqueous phase is because of its extremely
small solubility of 3.8 μg L
À1 with a large partition factor (Ko/w: 6.04) (Manoli and
Samara 1999). It is considered as the most potent carcinogenic as well as genotoxic
complex and has been widely studied until now (Kot-Wasik et al. 2004).
5.2.11 Indeno(1,2,3,c,d)pyrene
It is a six-benzene ring containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and defined as a
main concern pollutant by the Environmental Protection Agency (Lawal 2017; Ping
et al. 2017a). The World Health Organization has suggested its maximum value of
200 ng L
À1 to be adopted as allowable concentration in drinking water (Ping et al.
2017b).
5.2.12 Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene
It is a white-yellow crystalline polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of five
fused aromatic rings. It is commonly found in smoke and oil spills. It was not
detected in humans, but its content in smoked meat was quite high with level of
0.0024 mg kg
À1 day
À1 . It was found to be most dosed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic species (Taiwo et al. 2019).
5.2.13 Benzo[g,h,i]perylene
It has been found to be one of the most clustered benzene rings containing compound. There is very limited information about this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, making its exploration even important to make the environment safe and free
from it. Its content found in the sludge of China was less than 5000 ng g
À1 (Sun et al.
2019a, b).
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
137