5.2.2 Acenaphthene
Acenaphthene is a crystalline white color compound that spreads into the environment via exhaust of fuels, gasper smoke, and metropolitan atmosphere (Severson
et al. 1976; Grimmer et al. 1977; Cleary 1962). It has been found in residues of
pesticides, plastics precursors, coloring agents, and oil refinery effluents and supposed to increase the risk of lung tumor deaths (Warshawsky 1999).
5.2.3 Fluorene
Fluorene is generally detected in environmental samples of soil, river sediments, and
aquatic regions because of its involvement in most of the complex of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. Structures similar to fluorine have been found in different
mutagenic and or carcinogenic polyarenes such as 2-aminofluorene, 2-nitrofluorene,
and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (Garon et al. 2002). Fluorene has gained attention of
environmentalist because of its xenobiotic behavior and its presence in oil spills,
urbanization clear, and waste burns (Lu and Zhu 2007).
5.2.4 Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene having C 14 H 10 molecular mass is a white/yellow tricyclic crystalline
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the aromatic rings arranged in an angular
manner. It lies in the low molecular weight class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is isomeric with the anthracene (Young and Cerniglia 1995). Large
proportion of coal and fossil fuels contain phenanthrene as a major component
(Supaka et al. 2001).
5.2.5 Anthracene
Anthracene is one of the three ring-membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
with serious toxicity and high pollution potential. It is a non-polar and hydrophobic
compound and is found in other high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through repetition of its basic structure (Das et al. 2008). Anthracene is often
present in organic polluted river remains, soils, and other scrap sites because of its
utilization in bio-treatment studies (Jacques et al. 2005). Photooxidation of anthracene was reported to be toxic toward soil fungi with high threat to aquatic bodies
(Larson and Berenbaum 1988; Bonnet et al. 2005).
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
135
Acenaphthene is a crystalline white color compound that spreads into the environment via exhaust of fuels, gasper smoke, and metropolitan atmosphere (Severson
et al. 1976; Grimmer et al. 1977; Cleary 1962). It has been found in residues of
pesticides, plastics precursors, coloring agents, and oil refinery effluents and supposed to increase the risk of lung tumor deaths (Warshawsky 1999).
5.2.3 Fluorene
Fluorene is generally detected in environmental samples of soil, river sediments, and
aquatic regions because of its involvement in most of the complex of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons. Structures similar to fluorine have been found in different
mutagenic and or carcinogenic polyarenes such as 2-aminofluorene, 2-nitrofluorene,
and 2-acetyl-aminofluorene (Garon et al. 2002). Fluorene has gained attention of
environmentalist because of its xenobiotic behavior and its presence in oil spills,
urbanization clear, and waste burns (Lu and Zhu 2007).
5.2.4 Phenanthrene
Phenanthrene having C 14 H 10 molecular mass is a white/yellow tricyclic crystalline
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the aromatic rings arranged in an angular
manner. It lies in the low molecular weight class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and is isomeric with the anthracene (Young and Cerniglia 1995). Large
proportion of coal and fossil fuels contain phenanthrene as a major component
(Supaka et al. 2001).
5.2.5 Anthracene
Anthracene is one of the three ring-membered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
with serious toxicity and high pollution potential. It is a non-polar and hydrophobic
compound and is found in other high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through repetition of its basic structure (Das et al. 2008). Anthracene is often
present in organic polluted river remains, soils, and other scrap sites because of its
utilization in bio-treatment studies (Jacques et al. 2005). Photooxidation of anthracene was reported to be toxic toward soil fungi with high threat to aquatic bodies
(Larson and Berenbaum 1988; Bonnet et al. 2005).
5 Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Functionalized Nanomaterials
135