154
R. Rathinamoorthy and S. Raja Balasaraswathi
10. O’Donnell J (2019) Are recycled polyester garments. The lowest hanging fruit
for sustainability? https://thriveglobal.com/stories/recycled-polyester-garments-the-lowesthanging-fruit-for-plastic-sustainability/
11. Mahesh P, Mukherjee M. Microplastics the most widespread and persistent hazards of plastic.
Toxics Link Factsheet Number 56
12. Microfibers (2019) Beachapedia. http://www.beachapedia.org/Microfibers
13. Almroth BMC, Åström L, Roslund S, Petersson H, Johansson M, Persson N-K (2018) Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the
environment. Environ Sci Pollution Res 25:1191–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-0170528-7
14. Zhang Q et al (2020) A review of microplastics in table salt, drinking water, and air: direct
human exposure. Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04535
15. Staff S (2020) For the first time, microplastics have been found in fresh fruits and vegetables;
How does it affect us? https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/for-the-first-time-microplasticshave-been-found-in-fresh-fruits-and-vegetables-how-does-it-affect-us
16. Imster E (2020) Plastic rain: more than 1,000 tons of microplastic rain onto western US. https://
earthsky.org/earth/microplastic-rain-western-us
17. Brahney J, Hallerud M, Heim E, Hahnenberger M, Sukumaran S (2020) Plastic rain in protected
areas of the United States. Science 368:1257–1260
18. Jönsson C, Arturin OL, Hanning AC, Landin R, Holmström E, Roos S (2018) Microplastics
shedding from textiles—developing analytical method for measurement of shed material representing release during domestic washing. Sustainability 10:2457. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1
0072457
19. Hearle JWS, Lomas B, Cookie WD (1998) Atlas of fiber fracture and damage to textiles.
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, London
20. O’Loughlin C (2018) Fashion and microplastic pollution, investigating microplastics from
laundry. Ocean Remedy. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0017/1412/6966/files/Fashion_and_
Microplastics_Ocean_Remedy_2018.pdf. Accessed 15 Ap 2020
21. Boucher J, Friot D (2017) Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 43 pp. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en
22. Magnusson K, Norén F (2014) Screening of microplastic particles in and down-stream a
wastewater treatment plant. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
23. Zubris KAV, Richards BK (2005) Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge.
Environ Pollut (Barking, Essex: 1987) 138:201–211
24. De Falco F, Di Pace E, Cocca M, Avella M (2019) The contribution of washing processes of
synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution. Sci Rep 9:6633. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598019-43023-x
25. Napper IE, Thompson RC (2016) Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic
washing machines: effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Mar Pollut Bull 112(1–2):39–
45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
26. Pirc U, Vidma M, Mozer A, Kržan A (2016) Emissions of microplastic fibers from microfiber
fleece during domestic washing. Environ Sci Pollution Res 23:22206–22211. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11356-016-7703-0
27. Bishop D (1995) Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes. In: Carr CM
(ed) Chemistry of the Textiles Industry. Springer, New York, pp 125–172
28. Astrom L (2016) Shedding of synthetic microfibers from textiles. Gothenburg University.
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAssets/1568/1568686_linn—str–m.pdf. Accessed 15 Apr 2020
29. De Falco F, Pia Gullo M, Gentile G, Di Pace E, Cocca M, Gelabert L, Brouta-Agnesa M,
Rovira A, Escudero R, Villalba R, Mossotti R, Montarsolo A, Gavignano S, Tonin C, Avella
M (2018) Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic
fabrics. Environ Pollution 236:619–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057
30. Hernandez E, Nowack B, Mitrano DM (2017) Synthetic textiles as a source of microplastics
from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing. Environ
Sci Technol 51(12):7036–7046. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01750
R. Rathinamoorthy and S. Raja Balasaraswathi
10. O’Donnell J (2019) Are recycled polyester garments. The lowest hanging fruit
for sustainability? https://thriveglobal.com/stories/recycled-polyester-garments-the-lowesthanging-fruit-for-plastic-sustainability/
11. Mahesh P, Mukherjee M. Microplastics the most widespread and persistent hazards of plastic.
Toxics Link Factsheet Number 56
12. Microfibers (2019) Beachapedia. http://www.beachapedia.org/Microfibers
13. Almroth BMC, Åström L, Roslund S, Petersson H, Johansson M, Persson N-K (2018) Quantifying shedding of synthetic fibers from textiles; a source of microplastics released into the
environment. Environ Sci Pollution Res 25:1191–1199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-0170528-7
14. Zhang Q et al (2020) A review of microplastics in table salt, drinking water, and air: direct
human exposure. Environ Sci Technol. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04535
15. Staff S (2020) For the first time, microplastics have been found in fresh fruits and vegetables;
How does it affect us? https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/for-the-first-time-microplasticshave-been-found-in-fresh-fruits-and-vegetables-how-does-it-affect-us
16. Imster E (2020) Plastic rain: more than 1,000 tons of microplastic rain onto western US. https://
earthsky.org/earth/microplastic-rain-western-us
17. Brahney J, Hallerud M, Heim E, Hahnenberger M, Sukumaran S (2020) Plastic rain in protected
areas of the United States. Science 368:1257–1260
18. Jönsson C, Arturin OL, Hanning AC, Landin R, Holmström E, Roos S (2018) Microplastics
shedding from textiles—developing analytical method for measurement of shed material representing release during domestic washing. Sustainability 10:2457. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1
0072457
19. Hearle JWS, Lomas B, Cookie WD (1998) Atlas of fiber fracture and damage to textiles.
Woodhead Publishing Ltd, London
20. O’Loughlin C (2018) Fashion and microplastic pollution, investigating microplastics from
laundry. Ocean Remedy. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0017/1412/6966/files/Fashion_and_
Microplastics_Ocean_Remedy_2018.pdf. Accessed 15 Ap 2020
21. Boucher J, Friot D (2017) Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 43 pp. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2017.01.en
22. Magnusson K, Norén F (2014) Screening of microplastic particles in and down-stream a
wastewater treatment plant. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
23. Zubris KAV, Richards BK (2005) Synthetic fibers as an indicator of land application of sludge.
Environ Pollut (Barking, Essex: 1987) 138:201–211
24. De Falco F, Di Pace E, Cocca M, Avella M (2019) The contribution of washing processes of
synthetic clothes to microplastic pollution. Sci Rep 9:6633. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598019-43023-x
25. Napper IE, Thompson RC (2016) Release of synthetic microplastic plastic fibres from domestic
washing machines: effects of fabric type and washing conditions. Mar Pollut Bull 112(1–2):39–
45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.025
26. Pirc U, Vidma M, Mozer A, Kržan A (2016) Emissions of microplastic fibers from microfiber
fleece during domestic washing. Environ Sci Pollution Res 23:22206–22211. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s11356-016-7703-0
27. Bishop D (1995) Physical and chemical effects of domestic laundering processes. In: Carr CM
(ed) Chemistry of the Textiles Industry. Springer, New York, pp 125–172
28. Astrom L (2016) Shedding of synthetic microfibers from textiles. Gothenburg University.
https://bioenv.gu.se/digitalAssets/1568/1568686_linn—str–m.pdf. Accessed 15 Apr 2020
29. De Falco F, Pia Gullo M, Gentile G, Di Pace E, Cocca M, Gelabert L, Brouta-Agnesa M,
Rovira A, Escudero R, Villalba R, Mossotti R, Montarsolo A, Gavignano S, Tonin C, Avella
M (2018) Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic
fabrics. Environ Pollution 236:619–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057
30. Hernandez E, Nowack B, Mitrano DM (2017) Synthetic textiles as a source of microplastics
from households: a mechanistic study to understand microfiber release during washing. Environ
Sci Technol 51(12):7036–7046. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01750