Domestic Laundry and Microfiber Shedding of Synthetic Textiles
155
31. Cesa FS, Turra A, Herminio Checon H, Leonardi B, Baruque-Ramos J (2019) Laundering
and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings. Environ Pollution
257:113553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553
32. Yang L, Qiao F, Lei K, Huiqin Li Yu, Kang SC, An L (2019) Microfiber release from different
fabrics during washing. Environ Pollut 249:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.
03.011
33. Zambrano MC, Pawlak JJ, Daystar J, Ankeny M, Cheng JJ, Venditti RA (2019) Microfibers
generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic
biodegradation. Marine Pollution Bull. 142:394–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.
2019.02.062
34. Lant NJ, Hayward AS, Peththawadu MMD, Sheridan KJ, Dean JR (2020) Microfiber release
from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing
conditions. PLoS One 15(6):e0233332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233332
35. Kelly RM, Lant NJ, Kurr M, Grant Burgess J (2019) Importance of water-volume on the release
of microplastic fibers from laundry. Environ Sci Technol 53:11735–11744. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.9b03022
36. Deroberts N (2019) Washing laundry may be an underappreciated source of microplastic
pollution. https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/08/22/laundry-microplastic-pollution/
37. Cotton L, Hayward AS, Lant NJ, Blackburn RS (2020) Improved garment longevity and reduced
microfibre release are important sustainability benefits of laundering in colder and quicker
washing machine cycles. Dyes Pigm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108120
38. O’Brien S, Okoffo ED, O’Brien JW et al (2018) Airborne emissions of microplastic fibres from
domestic laundry dryers. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141175
39. Francisco Belzagui M, Crespi M, Alvarez A, Gutierrez-Bouzan C, Vilaseca M (2019)
Microplastics’ emissions: microfibers’ detachment from textile garments. Environ Pollution
248:1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.059
40. O’Loughlin C (2018) Fashion and microplastic pollution, investigating microplastics from
laundry. Ocean Remedy. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0017/1412/6966/files/Fashion_and_
Microplastics_Ocean_Remedy_2018.pdf
41. Cai Y, Yang T, Mitrano DM, Heuberger M, Hufenus R, Nowack B (2020) Systematic study
of microplastic fiber release from 12 different polyester textiles during washing. Environ Sci
Technol 54(8):4847–4855. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07395
42. Markus Sillanpää and Pirjo Sainio (2017) Release of polyester and cotton fibers from textiles
in machine washings. Environ Sci Pollution Res 24(23):19313–19321. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-017-9621-1
43. Putchta R (1984) Cationic surfactants in laundry detergents and laundry aftertreatment aids. J
Am Oil Chemists’ Soc 61(2):p367
44. Chiweshe A, Crews P (2000) Influence of household fabric softeners and laundry enzymes on
pilling ratings and breaking strength. Text Chem Color Am Dyest Rep 9:41–47
45. Hartline N, Bruce N, Karba S, Ruff E, Sonar S, Holden P (2016) Microfiber masses recovered from conventional machine washing of new or aged garments. Environ Sci Technol
50(21):11532–11538. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03045
155
31. Cesa FS, Turra A, Herminio Checon H, Leonardi B, Baruque-Ramos J (2019) Laundering
and textile parameters influence fibers release in household washings. Environ Pollution
257:113553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113553
32. Yang L, Qiao F, Lei K, Huiqin Li Yu, Kang SC, An L (2019) Microfiber release from different
fabrics during washing. Environ Pollut 249:136–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.
03.011
33. Zambrano MC, Pawlak JJ, Daystar J, Ankeny M, Cheng JJ, Venditti RA (2019) Microfibers
generated from the laundering of cotton, rayon and polyester based fabrics and their aquatic
biodegradation. Marine Pollution Bull. 142:394–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.
2019.02.062
34. Lant NJ, Hayward AS, Peththawadu MMD, Sheridan KJ, Dean JR (2020) Microfiber release
from real soiled consumer laundry and the impact of fabric care products and washing
conditions. PLoS One 15(6):e0233332. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233332
35. Kelly RM, Lant NJ, Kurr M, Grant Burgess J (2019) Importance of water-volume on the release
of microplastic fibers from laundry. Environ Sci Technol 53:11735–11744. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acs.est.9b03022
36. Deroberts N (2019) Washing laundry may be an underappreciated source of microplastic
pollution. https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/08/22/laundry-microplastic-pollution/
37. Cotton L, Hayward AS, Lant NJ, Blackburn RS (2020) Improved garment longevity and reduced
microfibre release are important sustainability benefits of laundering in colder and quicker
washing machine cycles. Dyes Pigm. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.108120
38. O’Brien S, Okoffo ED, O’Brien JW et al (2018) Airborne emissions of microplastic fibres from
domestic laundry dryers. Sci Total Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141175
39. Francisco Belzagui M, Crespi M, Alvarez A, Gutierrez-Bouzan C, Vilaseca M (2019)
Microplastics’ emissions: microfibers’ detachment from textile garments. Environ Pollution
248:1028–1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.059
40. O’Loughlin C (2018) Fashion and microplastic pollution, investigating microplastics from
laundry. Ocean Remedy. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0017/1412/6966/files/Fashion_and_
Microplastics_Ocean_Remedy_2018.pdf
41. Cai Y, Yang T, Mitrano DM, Heuberger M, Hufenus R, Nowack B (2020) Systematic study
of microplastic fiber release from 12 different polyester textiles during washing. Environ Sci
Technol 54(8):4847–4855. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07395
42. Markus Sillanpää and Pirjo Sainio (2017) Release of polyester and cotton fibers from textiles
in machine washings. Environ Sci Pollution Res 24(23):19313–19321. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11356-017-9621-1
43. Putchta R (1984) Cationic surfactants in laundry detergents and laundry aftertreatment aids. J
Am Oil Chemists’ Soc 61(2):p367
44. Chiweshe A, Crews P (2000) Influence of household fabric softeners and laundry enzymes on
pilling ratings and breaking strength. Text Chem Color Am Dyest Rep 9:41–47
45. Hartline N, Bruce N, Karba S, Ruff E, Sonar S, Holden P (2016) Microfiber masses recovered from conventional machine washing of new or aged garments. Environ Sci Technol
50(21):11532–11538. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03045