Table 4.1 (continued)
Effects
Symptoms
Reference
Chronic signs and symptoms
Neuropathy
Polyneuritis and motor paralysis
Hearing loss
Mental retardation
Encephalopathy, symmetrical
peripheral polyneuropathy (sensorimotor, resembling Landry–
Guillain–Barre syndrome)
Electromyography abnormalities
Peripheral neuropathy of sensory
and motor neurons
Hepatic
Acute signs and symptoms
Chakraborti et al. (2017), Tchounwou
et al. (2019), Mitra et al. (2020),
Chakraborti et al. (2018) and Sinha
and Prasad (2020)
Elevated liver enzyme levels
Fatty infiltration
Congestion
Central necrosis
Cholangitis
Cholecystitis
Chronic signs and symptoms
Enlarged, tender liver
Elevated hepatic enzyme levels
Cirrhosis
Portal hypertension without
cirrhosis
Fatty degeneration
Renal
Acute signs and symptoms
Chakraborti et al. (2017), Tchounwou
et al. (2019), Mitra et al. (2020),
Chakraborti et al. (2018) and Sinha
and Prasad (2020)
Hematuria
Oliguria
Proteinuria
Leukocyturia
Glycosuria
Uremia
Acute tubular necrosis
Renal cortical necrosis
Hematological
Acute signs and symptoms
Chakraborti et al. (2017), Tchounwou
et al. (2019), Mitra et al. (2020),
Chakraborti et al. (2018) and Sinha
and Prasad (2020)
Anemia
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
Bone marrow suppression
Disseminated intravascular
coagulation
Chronic signs and symptoms
(continued)
4 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Groundwater Contaminants
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