Roberts PH, Thomas KV (2006) The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent
and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Sci Total Environ 356:143–153. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.031
Robinson AA, Belden JB, Lydy MJ (2005) Toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic
organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-210R.1
Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Chamorro S, Marti E et al (2015) Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic
resistance genes in hospital and urban wastewaters and their impact on the receiving river. Water
Res 69:234–242
Rodriguez-Rojas A, Rodriguez-Beltran J, Couce A et al (2013) Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance:
a better fight against evolution. Int J Med Microbiol 303:293–297
Russell AD (2004) Types of antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents. In: Denyer SP (ed) Hugo
and Russells pharmaceutical microbiology, 7th edn. Blackwell Science, London, pp 152–186
Sarmah AK, Meyer MT, Boxall ABA (2006) A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure
pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment.
Chemosphere 65:725–759
Schauss K, Focks A, Leininger S et al (2009) Dynamics and functional relevance of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in two agricultural soils. Environ Microbiol 11:446–456
Schlegel HG (2003) General microbiology, 7th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 676
Schmitt H, Haapakangas H, Van Beelen P (2005) Effects of antibiotics on soil microorganisms:
time and nutrients influence pollution-induced community tolerance. Soil Biol Biochem
37:1882–1892
Schwarzbauer J, Heim S, Brinker S et al (2002) Occurrence and alteration of organic contaminants
in seepage and leakage water from a waste deposit landfill. Water Res 36:2275–2287
Segura PA, Takada H, Correa JA et al (2015) Global occurrence of anti-infectives in contaminated
surface waters: impact of income inequality between countries. Environ Int 80:1386–1398.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.001
Sengelov G, Agerso Y, Halling-Sorensen B et al (2003) Bacterial antibiotic resistance levels in
Danish farmland as a result of treatment with pig manure slurry. Environ Int 28:587–595
Singer H, Muller S, Tixier C et al (2002) Triclosan: occurrence and fate of a widely used biocide in
the aquatic environment: field measurements in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, and
lake sediments. Environ Sci Technol 36:4998
Singer RS, Finch R, Wegener HC et al (2003) Antibiotic resistance – the interplay between
antibiotic use in animals and human beings. Lancet Infect Dis 3:47–51
Singer AC, Howard BM, Johnson AC et al (2008) Meeting report: risk assessment of tamiflu use
under pandemic conditions. Environ Health Perspect 116:1563–1567
Singer AC, Shaw H, Rhodes V et al (2016) Review of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
and its relevance to environmental regulators. Front Microbiol 7:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2016.01728
Slatore CG, Tilles SA (2004) Sulfonamide hypersensitivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
24:477–490
Smith DL, Harris AD, Johnson JA et al (2002) Animal antibiotic use has an early but important
impact on the emergence of antibiotic resistance in human commensal bacteria. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 99:6434–6439
Stackelberg PE, Gibs J, Furlong ET et al (2007) Efficiency of conventional drinking-watertreatment processes in removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. Sci Total
Environ 377:255–272
Standley LJ, Rudel RA, Swartz CH et al (2008) Wastewater-contaminated groundwater as a source
of endogenous hormones and pharmaceuticals to surface water ecosystems. Environ Toxicol
Chem 27:2457–2468. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-604.1
Stuart M, Lapworth D, Crane E et al (2012) Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in
UK groundwater. Sci Total Environ 416:1–21
Suarez S, Carballa M, Omil F et al (2008) Chemlnform Abstract: how are pharmaceutical and
personal care products (PPCPs) removed from Urban wastewaters? Rev Environ Sci
Bio/Technol 7:125–138
3 Existence of Antibiotics in Wastewater as a Pollution Indicator
67
and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Sci Total Environ 356:143–153. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.04.031
Robinson AA, Belden JB, Lydy MJ (2005) Toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic
organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1897/04-210R.1
Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Chamorro S, Marti E et al (2015) Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic
resistance genes in hospital and urban wastewaters and their impact on the receiving river. Water
Res 69:234–242
Rodriguez-Rojas A, Rodriguez-Beltran J, Couce A et al (2013) Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance:
a better fight against evolution. Int J Med Microbiol 303:293–297
Russell AD (2004) Types of antibiotics and synthetic antimicrobial agents. In: Denyer SP (ed) Hugo
and Russells pharmaceutical microbiology, 7th edn. Blackwell Science, London, pp 152–186
Sarmah AK, Meyer MT, Boxall ABA (2006) A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure
pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment.
Chemosphere 65:725–759
Schauss K, Focks A, Leininger S et al (2009) Dynamics and functional relevance of ammoniaoxidizing archaea in two agricultural soils. Environ Microbiol 11:446–456
Schlegel HG (2003) General microbiology, 7th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 676
Schmitt H, Haapakangas H, Van Beelen P (2005) Effects of antibiotics on soil microorganisms:
time and nutrients influence pollution-induced community tolerance. Soil Biol Biochem
37:1882–1892
Schwarzbauer J, Heim S, Brinker S et al (2002) Occurrence and alteration of organic contaminants
in seepage and leakage water from a waste deposit landfill. Water Res 36:2275–2287
Segura PA, Takada H, Correa JA et al (2015) Global occurrence of anti-infectives in contaminated
surface waters: impact of income inequality between countries. Environ Int 80:1386–1398.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.04.001
Sengelov G, Agerso Y, Halling-Sorensen B et al (2003) Bacterial antibiotic resistance levels in
Danish farmland as a result of treatment with pig manure slurry. Environ Int 28:587–595
Singer H, Muller S, Tixier C et al (2002) Triclosan: occurrence and fate of a widely used biocide in
the aquatic environment: field measurements in wastewater treatment plants, surface waters, and
lake sediments. Environ Sci Technol 36:4998
Singer RS, Finch R, Wegener HC et al (2003) Antibiotic resistance – the interplay between
antibiotic use in animals and human beings. Lancet Infect Dis 3:47–51
Singer AC, Howard BM, Johnson AC et al (2008) Meeting report: risk assessment of tamiflu use
under pandemic conditions. Environ Health Perspect 116:1563–1567
Singer AC, Shaw H, Rhodes V et al (2016) Review of antimicrobial resistance in the environment
and its relevance to environmental regulators. Front Microbiol 7:1–22. https://doi.org/10.3389/
fmicb.2016.01728
Slatore CG, Tilles SA (2004) Sulfonamide hypersensitivity. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am
24:477–490
Smith DL, Harris AD, Johnson JA et al (2002) Animal antibiotic use has an early but important
impact on the emergence of antibiotic resistance in human commensal bacteria. Proc Natl Acad
Sci USA 99:6434–6439
Stackelberg PE, Gibs J, Furlong ET et al (2007) Efficiency of conventional drinking-watertreatment processes in removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. Sci Total
Environ 377:255–272
Standley LJ, Rudel RA, Swartz CH et al (2008) Wastewater-contaminated groundwater as a source
of endogenous hormones and pharmaceuticals to surface water ecosystems. Environ Toxicol
Chem 27:2457–2468. https://doi.org/10.1897/07-604.1
Stuart M, Lapworth D, Crane E et al (2012) Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in
UK groundwater. Sci Total Environ 416:1–21
Suarez S, Carballa M, Omil F et al (2008) Chemlnform Abstract: how are pharmaceutical and
personal care products (PPCPs) removed from Urban wastewaters? Rev Environ Sci
Bio/Technol 7:125–138
3 Existence of Antibiotics in Wastewater as a Pollution Indicator
67