Kemper N (2008) Veterinary antibiotics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. Ecol Indic
8:1–13
Khan SJ, Ongerth JE (2002) Estimation of pharmaceutical residues in primary and secondary
sewage sludge based on quantities of use and fugacity modelling. Water Sci Technol 46
(3):105–113
Klaver AL, Matthews RA (1994) Effects of oxytetracycline on nitrification in a model aquatic
system. Aquaculture 123:237–247
Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM et al (2018) Global increase and geographic convergence
in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115(15):201717295.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
Kotzerke A, Sharma S, Schauss K et al (2008) Alterations in soil microbial activity and
N-transformation processes due to sulfadiazine loads in pig manure. Environ Pollut
153:315–322
Kumar K, Gupta SC, Baidoo SK et al (2005) Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with
animal manure. J Environ Qual 34:2082–2085
Kümmerer K (2004) Resistance in the environment. J Antimicrob Chemother 54:311–320. https://
doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh325
Kümmerer K (2009) Antibiotics in the aquatic environment–a review–part I. Chemosphere
75:417–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086
Lai K, Johnson K, Scrimshaw M et al (2000) Binding of waterborne steroid estrogens to solid
phases in river and estuarine systems. Environ Sci Technol 34:3890–3894
Lai K, Scrimshaw M, Lester JN (2002) Prediction of bioaccumulation factors and body burden of
natural and synthetic estrogens in aquatic organisms in the river systems. Sci Total Environ
289:159–168
Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME et al (2012) Emerging organic contamination in groundwater: a
review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303
Larsson DGJ (2014) Antibiotics in the Environmnet. Upsala J Med Sci 119:108–112
Larsson DGJ, de Pedro C, Paxeus N (2007) Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely
high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater 148:751–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.
2007.07.008
Laverman AM, Cazier T, Yan C et al (2015) Exposure to vancomycin causes a shift in the microbial
community structure without affecting nitrate reduction rates in river sediments. Environ Sci
Pollut Res Int 22:13702–13709
Li D, Yang M, Hu J (2008) Determination and fate of oxytetracycline and related compounds in
oxytetrac. Environ Toxicol 27:80–86
Li D, Qi R, Yang M et al (2011) Bacterial community characteristics under long-term antibiotic
selection pressures. Water Res 45:6063–6073
Li W, Shi Y, Gao L et al (2013) Occurrence and removal of antibiotics in a municipal wastewater
reclamation plant in Beijing, China. Chemosphere 92:435–444
Li XW, Xie YF, Li CL et al (2014) Investigation of residual fluoroquinolones in a soil–vegetable
system in an intensive vegetable cultivation area in Northern China. Sci Total Environ
468–469:258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.057
Lienert J, Bürki T, Escher BI (2007) Reducing micropollutants with source control: substance flow
analysis of 212 pharmaceuticals in faeces and urine. Water Sci Technol J IntAssoc Water Pollut
Res 56:87–96. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.560
Lindberg R, Olofsson U, Rendahl P et al (2006) Behavior of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim
during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of
sludge. Environ Sci Technol 40:1042
Lindberg RH, Fick J, Tysklind M (2010) Screening of antimycotics in Swedish sewage treatment
plants–waters and sludge. Water Res 44:649–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.034
Lindsey ME, Meyer M, Thurman EM (2001) Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid
64
H. H. Al-Haideri et al.
8:1–13
Khan SJ, Ongerth JE (2002) Estimation of pharmaceutical residues in primary and secondary
sewage sludge based on quantities of use and fugacity modelling. Water Sci Technol 46
(3):105–113
Klaver AL, Matthews RA (1994) Effects of oxytetracycline on nitrification in a model aquatic
system. Aquaculture 123:237–247
Klein EY, Van Boeckel TP, Martinez EM et al (2018) Global increase and geographic convergence
in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115(15):201717295.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717295115
Kotzerke A, Sharma S, Schauss K et al (2008) Alterations in soil microbial activity and
N-transformation processes due to sulfadiazine loads in pig manure. Environ Pollut
153:315–322
Kumar K, Gupta SC, Baidoo SK et al (2005) Antibiotic uptake by plants from soil fertilized with
animal manure. J Environ Qual 34:2082–2085
Kümmerer K (2004) Resistance in the environment. J Antimicrob Chemother 54:311–320. https://
doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh325
Kümmerer K (2009) Antibiotics in the aquatic environment–a review–part I. Chemosphere
75:417–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.086
Lai K, Johnson K, Scrimshaw M et al (2000) Binding of waterborne steroid estrogens to solid
phases in river and estuarine systems. Environ Sci Technol 34:3890–3894
Lai K, Scrimshaw M, Lester JN (2002) Prediction of bioaccumulation factors and body burden of
natural and synthetic estrogens in aquatic organisms in the river systems. Sci Total Environ
289:159–168
Lapworth DJ, Baran N, Stuart ME et al (2012) Emerging organic contamination in groundwater: a
review of sources, fate and occurrence. Environ Pollut 163:287–303
Larsson DGJ (2014) Antibiotics in the Environmnet. Upsala J Med Sci 119:108–112
Larsson DGJ, de Pedro C, Paxeus N (2007) Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely
high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater 148:751–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.
2007.07.008
Laverman AM, Cazier T, Yan C et al (2015) Exposure to vancomycin causes a shift in the microbial
community structure without affecting nitrate reduction rates in river sediments. Environ Sci
Pollut Res Int 22:13702–13709
Li D, Yang M, Hu J (2008) Determination and fate of oxytetracycline and related compounds in
oxytetrac. Environ Toxicol 27:80–86
Li D, Qi R, Yang M et al (2011) Bacterial community characteristics under long-term antibiotic
selection pressures. Water Res 45:6063–6073
Li W, Shi Y, Gao L et al (2013) Occurrence and removal of antibiotics in a municipal wastewater
reclamation plant in Beijing, China. Chemosphere 92:435–444
Li XW, Xie YF, Li CL et al (2014) Investigation of residual fluoroquinolones in a soil–vegetable
system in an intensive vegetable cultivation area in Northern China. Sci Total Environ
468–469:258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.057
Lienert J, Bürki T, Escher BI (2007) Reducing micropollutants with source control: substance flow
analysis of 212 pharmaceuticals in faeces and urine. Water Sci Technol J IntAssoc Water Pollut
Res 56:87–96. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.560
Lindberg R, Olofsson U, Rendahl P et al (2006) Behavior of fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim
during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of
sludge. Environ Sci Technol 40:1042
Lindberg RH, Fick J, Tysklind M (2010) Screening of antimycotics in Swedish sewage treatment
plants–waters and sludge. Water Res 44:649–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.10.034
Lindsey ME, Meyer M, Thurman EM (2001) Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamide and tetracycline antimicrobials in groundwater and surface water using solid-phase extraction and liquid
64
H. H. Al-Haideri et al.