2.4 Understanding the Relationship Between Landscape
Patterns and Water Characteristics
Shehab et al. (2020) have analyzed the Pearson correlation that showed significant
relationships between water parameters and land use types in both the normal and
wet season (Table 2.1). During normal season, forest areas of various zones classified in this study area are found to be positively correlated with DO and pH and
negatively correlated with E. coli, sulfate, E.C, phosphate, and ammoniacal nitrogen.
Agricultural lands are positively related to nutrients, COD, E.C, and temperature,
and negatively related to DO and pH values. Residential lands showed positive
correlation with BOD, TSS, E.C, E. coli, and nutrient variables, and are negatively
correlated with pH and dissolved oxygen. Facilities and industrial lands showed
negative relation with DO, but positive correlation with phosphate, E.C, COD, TSS,
TDS, and ammoniacal nitrogen (Shehab et al. 2020).
For the wet season, forests are also positively correlated with DO and pH, but
showed a negative correlation with BOD, COD, E.C, TDS, E. coli, and the nutrient
variables. In contrast, agricultural lands are positively correlated with most of the
parameters except with DO and pH values. Residential lands showed positive
200
700
1200
1700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Zones
ENNMN (m)
98
98.5
99
99.5
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Zones
COHE
92
94
96
98
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Zones
AI
Fig. 2.3 (continued)
26
N. R. Jamil and Z. N. Shehab