Table 11.1 (continued)
S. no. Location
Water system Source(s)
Concentrations
(μg/L)
Reference
(s)
Agricultural
sources
Cr: 5.8–26.4
Al: 61.0–26.0
As: 32–2
20
Subarnarekha
River basin,
India
Groundwater Mining activities
Discharge of
industrial and
domestic effluents
Fe: 118.37–
3721.28
Mn: 3.96–
1691.03
As: 0.04–59.92
Zn: 9.22–
12966.36
Cu: 0.28–15.43
Cr: 0.37–6.72
Ni: 2.9–20.43
Se: 0.02–2.99
Al: 4.54–
686.39
Ba: 4.06–263.2
Chaturvedi
et al. (2018,
2019)
21
Ije-ododo,
Lagos state,
Nigeria
Groundwater
and surface
water
Oil spill
Natural geochemical sources
Cr: 3.0–170.0
Cd: 1.0–130.0
Pb: 1.0–180.0
Zn: 10.0–2650
Cu: 10.0–670.0
Mn: 50.0–
350.0
Ni: 10.0–2850
V: 20.0–910.0
Ogunlaja
et al. (2019)
22
Neyshabur
plain, Ravazi
Khorasan province, Iran
Drinking
water
Storm runoff and
metal disposal
Infiltration of
water and leachates from landfill
and dumpsites
Dissolution of
iron minerals due
to nitrate leaching
in groundwater,
oxidation, and a
decrease in pH
Chromite mines
and bedrocks
hosting chromite
deposits
Cr: BDL–20.0
As: BDL–9.86
Pb: 1.0–12.0
Zn: BDL–
11.38
Cu: 1.15–53.81
Fe: 1.09–29.70
Saleh et al.
(2019)
23
Bazman basin,
southeastern
Iran
Groundwater Chemical
weathering of
parent materials
and ion exchange
Arsenical pesticides
As: 1.9–74.60
Ba: 7.0–103.0
Cr: 5.0–17.0
Cu: 0.05–2.8
Fe: 5.0–50.0
Mn: 0.025–20
Rezaei et al.
(2019)
(continued)
11 An Overview on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water System and Sustainable. . .
265