188
Ge J, Peng Y, Li Z, Chen P, Wang S (2014) Membrane fouling and wetting in a DCMD process for
RO brine concentration. Desalination 344:97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.017
Gethard K, Sae-Khow O, Mitra S (2010) Water desalination using carbon-nanotube-enhanced
membrane distillation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3(2):110–114. https://doi.org/10.1021/
am100981s
Gilron J, Ladizansky Y, Korin E (2013) Silica fouling in direct contact membrane distillation. Ind
Eng Chem Res 52(31):10521–10529. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie400265b
Ginzburg B, Peeters J, Pawloski J (2008) On-line fouling control for energy reduction in membrane bioreactors. Proc Water Environ Fed 2008(1):514–524
Goh S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fane AG (2013a) Fouling and wetting in membrane distillation (MD)
and MD-bioreactor (MDBR) for wastewater reclamation. Desalination 323:39–47. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.001
Goh S, Zhang Q, Zhang J, McDougald D, Krantz WB, Liu Y, Fane AG (2013b) Impact of a biofouling layer on the vapor pressure driving force and performance of a membrane distillation
process. J Membr Sci 438:140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.023
Gryta M (2005) Long-term performance of membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci
265(1–2):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.049
Gryta M (2007) Influence of polypropylene membrane surface porosity on the performance
of membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci 287(1):67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2006.10.011
Gryta M (2008a) Alkaline scaling in the membrane distillation process. Desalination
228(1–3):128–134
Gryta M (2008b) Fouling in direct contact membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci
325(1):383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.001
Gryta M (2010) Desalination of thermally softened water by membrane distillation process.
Desalination 257(1–3):30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.03.012
Gryta M (2011) The influence of magnetic water treatment on CaCO3 scale formation in membrane distillation process. Sep Purif Technol 80(2):293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
seppur.2011.05.008
Guillen-Burrieza E, Mavukkandy MO, Bilad MR, Arafat HA (2016) Understanding wetting phenomena in membrane distillation and how operational parameters can affect it. J Membr Sci
515:163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.051
Guo W, Ngo H-H, Li J (2012) A mini-review on membrane fouling. Bioresour Technol 122:27–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.089
He F, Sirkar KK, Gilron J (2009) Effects of antiscalants to mitigate membrane scaling by direct
contact membrane distillation. J Membr Sci 345(1–2):53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2009.08.021
Hilal N, Al-Zoubi H, Darwish NA, Mohamma AW, Arabi MA (2004) A comprehensive review of
nanofiltration membranes: treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy.
Desalination 170(3):281–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.01.007
Hoek EMV, Bhattacharjee S, Elimelech M (2003) Effect of membrane surface roughness on colloid− membrane DLVO interactions. Langmuir 19(11):4836–4847. https://doi.org/10.1021/
la027083c
Hoekstra AY, Mekonnen MM, Chapagain AK, Mathews RE, Richter BD (2012) Global monthly
water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability. PLoS One 7(2):e32688.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032688
Hsu ST, Cheng KT, Chiou J-S (2002) Seawater desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. Desalination 143(3):279–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00266-7
Huisman IH, Elzo D, Middelink E, Trägårdh AC (1998) Properties of the cake layer formed during
crossflow microfiltration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 138(2–3):265–281. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(96)03976-3
S. S. Ray et al.
Ge J, Peng Y, Li Z, Chen P, Wang S (2014) Membrane fouling and wetting in a DCMD process for
RO brine concentration. Desalination 344:97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.017
Gethard K, Sae-Khow O, Mitra S (2010) Water desalination using carbon-nanotube-enhanced
membrane distillation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3(2):110–114. https://doi.org/10.1021/
am100981s
Gilron J, Ladizansky Y, Korin E (2013) Silica fouling in direct contact membrane distillation. Ind
Eng Chem Res 52(31):10521–10529. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie400265b
Ginzburg B, Peeters J, Pawloski J (2008) On-line fouling control for energy reduction in membrane bioreactors. Proc Water Environ Fed 2008(1):514–524
Goh S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fane AG (2013a) Fouling and wetting in membrane distillation (MD)
and MD-bioreactor (MDBR) for wastewater reclamation. Desalination 323:39–47. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.001
Goh S, Zhang Q, Zhang J, McDougald D, Krantz WB, Liu Y, Fane AG (2013b) Impact of a biofouling layer on the vapor pressure driving force and performance of a membrane distillation
process. J Membr Sci 438:140–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.023
Gryta M (2005) Long-term performance of membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci
265(1–2):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.04.049
Gryta M (2007) Influence of polypropylene membrane surface porosity on the performance
of membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci 287(1):67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2006.10.011
Gryta M (2008a) Alkaline scaling in the membrane distillation process. Desalination
228(1–3):128–134
Gryta M (2008b) Fouling in direct contact membrane distillation process. J Membr Sci
325(1):383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.001
Gryta M (2010) Desalination of thermally softened water by membrane distillation process.
Desalination 257(1–3):30–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.03.012
Gryta M (2011) The influence of magnetic water treatment on CaCO3 scale formation in membrane distillation process. Sep Purif Technol 80(2):293–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
seppur.2011.05.008
Guillen-Burrieza E, Mavukkandy MO, Bilad MR, Arafat HA (2016) Understanding wetting phenomena in membrane distillation and how operational parameters can affect it. J Membr Sci
515:163–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.051
Guo W, Ngo H-H, Li J (2012) A mini-review on membrane fouling. Bioresour Technol 122:27–34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.089
He F, Sirkar KK, Gilron J (2009) Effects of antiscalants to mitigate membrane scaling by direct
contact membrane distillation. J Membr Sci 345(1–2):53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2009.08.021
Hilal N, Al-Zoubi H, Darwish NA, Mohamma AW, Arabi MA (2004) A comprehensive review of
nanofiltration membranes: treatment, pretreatment, modelling, and atomic force microscopy.
Desalination 170(3):281–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.01.007
Hoek EMV, Bhattacharjee S, Elimelech M (2003) Effect of membrane surface roughness on colloid− membrane DLVO interactions. Langmuir 19(11):4836–4847. https://doi.org/10.1021/
la027083c
Hoekstra AY, Mekonnen MM, Chapagain AK, Mathews RE, Richter BD (2012) Global monthly
water scarcity: blue water footprints versus blue water availability. PLoS One 7(2):e32688.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032688
Hsu ST, Cheng KT, Chiou J-S (2002) Seawater desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. Desalination 143(3):279–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00266-7
Huisman IH, Elzo D, Middelink E, Trägårdh AC (1998) Properties of the cake layer formed during
crossflow microfiltration. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 138(2–3):265–281. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0927-7757(96)03976-3
S. S. Ray et al.