43. Liu H, Chandrasekar V (2000) Classification of hydrometeors based on polarimetric radar
measurements: development of fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems, and in situ verification.
J Atmos Ocean Technol 17(2):140–164
44. Park HS, Ryzhkov A, Zrnic
0 D, Kim K-E (2009) The hydrometeor classification algorithm for
the polarimetric WSR-88D: description and application to an mcs. Weather Forecast 24
(3):730–748
45. Hall W, Rico-Ramirez MA, Krämer S (2017) Offshore wind turbine clutter characteristics and
identification in operational c-band weather radar measurements. Q J R Meteorol Soc 143
(703):720–730
46. Chandrasekar V, Keränen R, Lim S, Moisseev D (2013) Recent advances in classification of
observations from dual polarization weather radars. Atmos Res 119:97–111
47. Bringi V, Chandrasekar V, Balakrishnan N, Zrnic D (1990) An examination of propagation
effects in rainfall on radar measurements at microwave frequencies. J Atmos Ocean Technol 7
(6):829–840
48. Hitschfeld W, Bordan J (1954) Errors inherent in the radar measurement of rainfall at
attenuating wavelengths. J Meteorol 11(1):58–67
49. Meneghini R, Eckerman J, Atlas D (1983) Determination of rain rate from a spaceborne radar
using measurements of total attenuation. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 1:34–43
50. Testud J, Le Bouar E, Obligis E, Ali-Mehenni M (2000) The rain profiling algorithm applied to
polarimetric weather radar. J Atmos Ocean Technol 17(3):332–356
51. Rico-Ramirez MA (2012) Adaptive attenuation correction techniques for C-band polarimetric
weather radars. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 50(12):5061–5071
52. Bringi VN, Keenan T, Chandrasekar V (2001) Correcting c-band radar reflectivity and
differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: a self-consistent method with constraints.
IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 39(9):1906–1915
53. Kitchen M, Jackson P (1993) Weather radar performance at long range-simulated and
observed. J Appl Meteorol 32(5):975–985
54. Joss J, Lee R (1995) The application of radar–gauge comparisons to operational precipitation
profile corrections. J Appl Meteorol 34(12):2612–2630
55. Koistinen J (1991) Operational correction of radar rainfall errors due to the vertical reflectivity
profile. In: Preprints, 25th international conference on radar meteorology, vol 9194. Americal
Meteorolgical Society, Paris
56. Collier C (1986) Accuracy of rainfall estimates by radar, part I: calibration by telemetering
raingauges. J Hydrol 83(3–4):207–223
57. Kitchen M, Brown R, Davies A (1994) Real-time correction of weather radar data for the
effects of bright band, range and orographic growth in widespread precipitation. Q J R
Meteorol Soc 120(519):1231–1254
58. Andrieu H, Creutin JD (1995) Identification of vertical profiles of radar reflectivity for
hydrological applications using an inverse method. Part I: formulation. J Appl Meteorol 34
(1):225–239
59. Seo D-J, Breidenbach J, Fulton R, Miller D, O’Bannon T (2000) Real-time adjustment of
range-dependent biases in wsr-88d rainfall estimates due to nonuniform vertical profile of
reflectivity. J Hydrometeorol 1(3):222–240
60. Fabry F, Zawadzki I (1995) Long-term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation
and their interpretation. J Atmos Sci 52(7):838–851
61. Germann U, Joss J (2002) Mesobeta profiles to extrapolate radar precipitation measurements
above the alps to the ground level. J Appl Meteorol 41(5):542–557
62. Gourley JJ, Calvert CM (2003) Automated detection of the bright band using wsr-88d data.
Weather Forecast 18(4):585–599
63. Marzano FS, Vulpiani G, Picciotti E (2004) Rain field and reflectivity vertical profile reconstruction from c-band radar volumetric data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 42
(5):1033–1046
254
N. Nanding and M. A. Rico-Ramirez
measurements: development of fuzzy logic and neuro-fuzzy systems, and in situ verification.
J Atmos Ocean Technol 17(2):140–164
44. Park HS, Ryzhkov A, Zrnic
0 D, Kim K-E (2009) The hydrometeor classification algorithm for
the polarimetric WSR-88D: description and application to an mcs. Weather Forecast 24
(3):730–748
45. Hall W, Rico-Ramirez MA, Krämer S (2017) Offshore wind turbine clutter characteristics and
identification in operational c-band weather radar measurements. Q J R Meteorol Soc 143
(703):720–730
46. Chandrasekar V, Keränen R, Lim S, Moisseev D (2013) Recent advances in classification of
observations from dual polarization weather radars. Atmos Res 119:97–111
47. Bringi V, Chandrasekar V, Balakrishnan N, Zrnic D (1990) An examination of propagation
effects in rainfall on radar measurements at microwave frequencies. J Atmos Ocean Technol 7
(6):829–840
48. Hitschfeld W, Bordan J (1954) Errors inherent in the radar measurement of rainfall at
attenuating wavelengths. J Meteorol 11(1):58–67
49. Meneghini R, Eckerman J, Atlas D (1983) Determination of rain rate from a spaceborne radar
using measurements of total attenuation. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 1:34–43
50. Testud J, Le Bouar E, Obligis E, Ali-Mehenni M (2000) The rain profiling algorithm applied to
polarimetric weather radar. J Atmos Ocean Technol 17(3):332–356
51. Rico-Ramirez MA (2012) Adaptive attenuation correction techniques for C-band polarimetric
weather radars. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 50(12):5061–5071
52. Bringi VN, Keenan T, Chandrasekar V (2001) Correcting c-band radar reflectivity and
differential reflectivity data for rain attenuation: a self-consistent method with constraints.
IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 39(9):1906–1915
53. Kitchen M, Jackson P (1993) Weather radar performance at long range-simulated and
observed. J Appl Meteorol 32(5):975–985
54. Joss J, Lee R (1995) The application of radar–gauge comparisons to operational precipitation
profile corrections. J Appl Meteorol 34(12):2612–2630
55. Koistinen J (1991) Operational correction of radar rainfall errors due to the vertical reflectivity
profile. In: Preprints, 25th international conference on radar meteorology, vol 9194. Americal
Meteorolgical Society, Paris
56. Collier C (1986) Accuracy of rainfall estimates by radar, part I: calibration by telemetering
raingauges. J Hydrol 83(3–4):207–223
57. Kitchen M, Brown R, Davies A (1994) Real-time correction of weather radar data for the
effects of bright band, range and orographic growth in widespread precipitation. Q J R
Meteorol Soc 120(519):1231–1254
58. Andrieu H, Creutin JD (1995) Identification of vertical profiles of radar reflectivity for
hydrological applications using an inverse method. Part I: formulation. J Appl Meteorol 34
(1):225–239
59. Seo D-J, Breidenbach J, Fulton R, Miller D, O’Bannon T (2000) Real-time adjustment of
range-dependent biases in wsr-88d rainfall estimates due to nonuniform vertical profile of
reflectivity. J Hydrometeorol 1(3):222–240
60. Fabry F, Zawadzki I (1995) Long-term radar observations of the melting layer of precipitation
and their interpretation. J Atmos Sci 52(7):838–851
61. Germann U, Joss J (2002) Mesobeta profiles to extrapolate radar precipitation measurements
above the alps to the ground level. J Appl Meteorol 41(5):542–557
62. Gourley JJ, Calvert CM (2003) Automated detection of the bright band using wsr-88d data.
Weather Forecast 18(4):585–599
63. Marzano FS, Vulpiani G, Picciotti E (2004) Rain field and reflectivity vertical profile reconstruction from c-band radar volumetric data. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 42
(5):1033–1046
254
N. Nanding and M. A. Rico-Ramirez