64. Vignal B, Andrieu H, Creutin JD (1999) Identification of vertical profiles of reflectivity from
volume scan radar data. J Appl Meteorol 38(8):1214–1228
65. Zhang J, Langston C, Howard K (2008) Brightband identification based on vertical profiles of
reflectivity from the wsr-88d. J Atmos Ocean Technol 25(10):1859–1872
66. Bellon A, Lee GW, Kilambi A, Zawadzki I (2007) Real-time comparisons of vpr-corrected
daily rainfall estimates with a gauge mesonet. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 46(6):726–741
67. Bellon A, Lee GW, Zawadzki I (2005) Error statistics of vpr corrections in stratiform
precipitation. J Appl Meteorol 44(7):998–1015
68. Smyth T, Illingworth A (1998) Radar estimates of rainfall rates at the ground in bright band
and non-bright band events. Q J R Meteorol Soc 124(551):2417–2434
69. Vivekanandan J, Ellis S, Oye R, Zrnic D, Ryzhkov A, Straka J (1999) Cloud microphysics
retrieval using s-band dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 80
(3):381–388
70. Rico-Ramirez MA, Cluckie I, Han D (2005) Correction of the bright band using dualpolarisation radar. Atmos Sci Lett 6(1):40–46
71. Hall W, Rico-Ramirez MA, Krämer S (2015) Classification and correction of the bright band
using an operational c-band polarimetric radar. J Hydrol 531:248–258
72. Austin PM (1987) Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall. Mon
Weather Rev 115(5):1053–1070
73. Doviak RJ (1983) A survey of radar rain measurement techniques. J Clim Appl Meteorol 22
(5):832–849
74. Carbone RE, Nelson LD (1978) The evolution of raindrop spectra in warm-based convective
storms as observed and numerically modeled. J Atmos Sci 35(12):2302–2314
75. Cataneo R, Stout GE (1968) Raindrop-size distributions in humid continental climates, and
associated rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships. J Appl Meteorol 7(5):901–907
76. Smith JA, Krajewski WF (1993) A modeling study of rainfall rate-reflectivity relationships.
Water Resour Res 29(8):2505–2514
77. Herzegh PH, Jameson AR (1992) Observing precipitation through dual-polarization radar
measurements. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 73(9):1365–1374
78. Illingworth A (2004) Improved precipitation rates and data quality by using polarimetric
measurements. In: Weather radar. Springer, Berlin, pp 130–166
79. Bringi V, Rico-Ramirez MA, Thurai M (2011) Rainfall estimation with an operational
polarimetric C-band radar in the United Kingdom: comparison with a gauge network and
error analysis. J Hydrometeorol 12(5):935–954
80. Upton G, Rahimi A (2003) On-line detection of errors in tipping-bucket raingauges. J Hydrol
278(1):197–212
81. Villarini G, Mandapaka PV, Krajewski WF, Moore RJ (2008) Rainfall and sampling uncertainties: a rain gauge perspective. J Geophys Res Atmos 113:D11
82. Goovaerts P (2000) Geostatistical approaches for incorporating elevation into the spatial
interpolation of rainfall. J Hydrol 228(1):113–129
83. Haberlandt U (2007) Geostatistical interpolation of hourly precipitation from rain gauges and
radar for a large-scale extreme rainfall event. J Hydrol 332(1):144–157
84. Naoum S, Tsanis I (2004) Ranking spatial interpolation techniques using a GIS-based DSS.
Global Nest 6:1), 1–1),20
85. Vicente Serrano SM, Sánchez S, Cuadrat JM (2003) Comparative analysis of interpolation
methods in the middle Ebro Valley (Spain): application to annual precipitation and temperature. Clim Res 24(2):161–180
86. Ciach GJ, Krajewski WF (2006) Analysis and modeling of spatial correlation structure in
small-scale rainfall in Central Oklahoma. Adv Water Resour 29(10):1450–1463
87. Germann U, Galli G, Boscacci M, Bolliger M (2006) Radar precipitation measurement in a
mountainous region. Q J R Meteorol Soc 132(618):1669–1692
88. Germann U, Zawadzki I, Turner B (2006) Predictability of precipitation from continental radar
images. Part IV: limits to prediction. J Atmos Sci 63(8):2092–2108
Precipitation Measurement with Weather Radars
255
volume scan radar data. J Appl Meteorol 38(8):1214–1228
65. Zhang J, Langston C, Howard K (2008) Brightband identification based on vertical profiles of
reflectivity from the wsr-88d. J Atmos Ocean Technol 25(10):1859–1872
66. Bellon A, Lee GW, Kilambi A, Zawadzki I (2007) Real-time comparisons of vpr-corrected
daily rainfall estimates with a gauge mesonet. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 46(6):726–741
67. Bellon A, Lee GW, Zawadzki I (2005) Error statistics of vpr corrections in stratiform
precipitation. J Appl Meteorol 44(7):998–1015
68. Smyth T, Illingworth A (1998) Radar estimates of rainfall rates at the ground in bright band
and non-bright band events. Q J R Meteorol Soc 124(551):2417–2434
69. Vivekanandan J, Ellis S, Oye R, Zrnic D, Ryzhkov A, Straka J (1999) Cloud microphysics
retrieval using s-band dual-polarization radar measurements. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 80
(3):381–388
70. Rico-Ramirez MA, Cluckie I, Han D (2005) Correction of the bright band using dualpolarisation radar. Atmos Sci Lett 6(1):40–46
71. Hall W, Rico-Ramirez MA, Krämer S (2015) Classification and correction of the bright band
using an operational c-band polarimetric radar. J Hydrol 531:248–258
72. Austin PM (1987) Relation between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall. Mon
Weather Rev 115(5):1053–1070
73. Doviak RJ (1983) A survey of radar rain measurement techniques. J Clim Appl Meteorol 22
(5):832–849
74. Carbone RE, Nelson LD (1978) The evolution of raindrop spectra in warm-based convective
storms as observed and numerically modeled. J Atmos Sci 35(12):2302–2314
75. Cataneo R, Stout GE (1968) Raindrop-size distributions in humid continental climates, and
associated rainfall rate-radar reflectivity relationships. J Appl Meteorol 7(5):901–907
76. Smith JA, Krajewski WF (1993) A modeling study of rainfall rate-reflectivity relationships.
Water Resour Res 29(8):2505–2514
77. Herzegh PH, Jameson AR (1992) Observing precipitation through dual-polarization radar
measurements. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 73(9):1365–1374
78. Illingworth A (2004) Improved precipitation rates and data quality by using polarimetric
measurements. In: Weather radar. Springer, Berlin, pp 130–166
79. Bringi V, Rico-Ramirez MA, Thurai M (2011) Rainfall estimation with an operational
polarimetric C-band radar in the United Kingdom: comparison with a gauge network and
error analysis. J Hydrometeorol 12(5):935–954
80. Upton G, Rahimi A (2003) On-line detection of errors in tipping-bucket raingauges. J Hydrol
278(1):197–212
81. Villarini G, Mandapaka PV, Krajewski WF, Moore RJ (2008) Rainfall and sampling uncertainties: a rain gauge perspective. J Geophys Res Atmos 113:D11
82. Goovaerts P (2000) Geostatistical approaches for incorporating elevation into the spatial
interpolation of rainfall. J Hydrol 228(1):113–129
83. Haberlandt U (2007) Geostatistical interpolation of hourly precipitation from rain gauges and
radar for a large-scale extreme rainfall event. J Hydrol 332(1):144–157
84. Naoum S, Tsanis I (2004) Ranking spatial interpolation techniques using a GIS-based DSS.
Global Nest 6:1), 1–1),20
85. Vicente Serrano SM, Sánchez S, Cuadrat JM (2003) Comparative analysis of interpolation
methods in the middle Ebro Valley (Spain): application to annual precipitation and temperature. Clim Res 24(2):161–180
86. Ciach GJ, Krajewski WF (2006) Analysis and modeling of spatial correlation structure in
small-scale rainfall in Central Oklahoma. Adv Water Resour 29(10):1450–1463
87. Germann U, Galli G, Boscacci M, Bolliger M (2006) Radar precipitation measurement in a
mountainous region. Q J R Meteorol Soc 132(618):1669–1692
88. Germann U, Zawadzki I, Turner B (2006) Predictability of precipitation from continental radar
images. Part IV: limits to prediction. J Atmos Sci 63(8):2092–2108
Precipitation Measurement with Weather Radars
255