Table 1
Identification of carotenoid isomers with C30 column in light-grown Arabidopsis leaves and darkgrown cotyledons of Arabidopsis ziso and crtiso mutants
Carotenoid (C30)
RT (min) λ (nm)
%III/II Chemical formula
9-cis-violaxanthin (9c-Vio)
9.62
(328) 414, 438, 468 87.36
C 40 H 56 O 4
All-trans-violaxanthin (Vio)
10.66
414, 438, 468
97.13
C 40 H 56 O 4
All-trans-neoxanthin (Neo)
11.38
412, 436, 464
91.69
C 40 H 56 O 4
Chlorophyll-B (Chl-b)
13.26
_, 468, _
N/A
C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6
All-trans-lutein (Lut)
14.02
424, 446, 474
66.07
C 40 H 56 O 2
All-trans-zeaxanthin (Zea)
14.94
430, 450, 480
30.39
C 40 H 56 O 2
Chlorophyll-A (Chl-a)
15.25
_, 432, _
N/A
C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5
β-carotene cis-isomer-1 (βc-c1)
18.36
(338) 422, 446, 474 N/A
C 40 H 56
β-carotene isomer-1 (βc1)
18.77
422, 446, 474
62.91
C 40 H 56
β-carotene (βc)
19.62
426, 452, 480
29.11
C 40 H 56
β-carotene isomer-2 (βc2)
20.13
422, 447, 474
35.52
C 40 H 56
All-trans-antheraxanthin (Ant)
13.16
420, 445, 473
59.57
C 40 H 56 O 3
9,15,9
0 -tri-cis-ζ-carotene (tc-ζc)
18.37
(296) 378, 400, 424 75.45
C 40 H 60
ζ-carotene cis-isomer-1 (ζc-1)
18.62
(296) 376, 396, 420 94.03
C 40 H 60
9,9
0 -di-cis-ζ-carotene (dc-ζc)
19.85
380, 401, 426
103.01 C 40 H 60
9-cis-ζ-carotene (9c-ζc)
20.15
380, 402, 426
106.84 C 40 H 60
All-trans-ζ-carotene (ζc)
20.37
380, 402, 426
105.71 C 40 H 60
7,9,9
0 -tri-cis-neurosporene (P-Neu)
20.07
388, 410, 432, 462
N/A
C 40 H 58
7,9,9
0 ,7
0 -tetra-cis-lycopene (P-Lyc)
20.3
416, 438, 466
N/A
C 40 H 56
Neurosporene isomer-3 (Neu-3)
21.67
410, 434, 462
84.66
C 40 H 58
Neurosporene isomer-6 (Neu-6)
23.05
418, 438, 470
49.77
C 40 H 58
Tri-cis-lycopene (tc-Lyc)
23.47
420, 446, 470
N/A
C 40 H 58
All-trans-neurosporene (Neu)
23.65
418, 442, 470
93.61
C 40 H 58
7,9-di-cis-lycopene (7,9 dc-Lyc)
a
23.91
422, 446, 474
N/A
C 40 H 56
7-cis-lycopene isomer-1 (7c-Lyc1)
a
24.59
(298) 442, 466, 494 36.65
C 40 H 56
7-cis-lycopene isomer-2 (7c-Lyc2)
a
24.95
(298) 442, 466, 494 37.01
C 40 H 56
9-cis-lycopene isomer-1 (9c-Lyc1)
a
25.32
(298) 442, 466, 498 75.00
C 40 H 56
9-cis-lycopene isomer-2 (9c-Lyc2)
a
25.55
(298) 442, 466, 498 76.08
C 40 H 56
7,7
0 -di-cis-lycopene (7,7 dc-Lyc)
a
26.45
(298) 442, 470, 498 N/A
C 40 H 56
5,5
0 -di-cis-lycopene (5,5 dc-Lyc)
a
27.02
(294) 446, 470, 502 40.39
C 40 H 56
5-cis-lycopene isomer (5c-Lyc)
a
27.24
(294) 446, 474, 502 73.84
C 40 H 56
(continued)
Profiling Carotenoids in Plants Using HPLC
155
Identification of carotenoid isomers with C30 column in light-grown Arabidopsis leaves and darkgrown cotyledons of Arabidopsis ziso and crtiso mutants
Carotenoid (C30)
RT (min) λ (nm)
%III/II Chemical formula
9-cis-violaxanthin (9c-Vio)
9.62
(328) 414, 438, 468 87.36
C 40 H 56 O 4
All-trans-violaxanthin (Vio)
10.66
414, 438, 468
97.13
C 40 H 56 O 4
All-trans-neoxanthin (Neo)
11.38
412, 436, 464
91.69
C 40 H 56 O 4
Chlorophyll-B (Chl-b)
13.26
_, 468, _
N/A
C 55 H 70 MgN 4 O 6
All-trans-lutein (Lut)
14.02
424, 446, 474
66.07
C 40 H 56 O 2
All-trans-zeaxanthin (Zea)
14.94
430, 450, 480
30.39
C 40 H 56 O 2
Chlorophyll-A (Chl-a)
15.25
_, 432, _
N/A
C 55 H 72 MgN 4 O 5
β-carotene cis-isomer-1 (βc-c1)
18.36
(338) 422, 446, 474 N/A
C 40 H 56
β-carotene isomer-1 (βc1)
18.77
422, 446, 474
62.91
C 40 H 56
β-carotene (βc)
19.62
426, 452, 480
29.11
C 40 H 56
β-carotene isomer-2 (βc2)
20.13
422, 447, 474
35.52
C 40 H 56
All-trans-antheraxanthin (Ant)
13.16
420, 445, 473
59.57
C 40 H 56 O 3
9,15,9
0 -tri-cis-ζ-carotene (tc-ζc)
18.37
(296) 378, 400, 424 75.45
C 40 H 60
ζ-carotene cis-isomer-1 (ζc-1)
18.62
(296) 376, 396, 420 94.03
C 40 H 60
9,9
0 -di-cis-ζ-carotene (dc-ζc)
19.85
380, 401, 426
103.01 C 40 H 60
9-cis-ζ-carotene (9c-ζc)
20.15
380, 402, 426
106.84 C 40 H 60
All-trans-ζ-carotene (ζc)
20.37
380, 402, 426
105.71 C 40 H 60
7,9,9
0 -tri-cis-neurosporene (P-Neu)
20.07
388, 410, 432, 462
N/A
C 40 H 58
7,9,9
0 ,7
0 -tetra-cis-lycopene (P-Lyc)
20.3
416, 438, 466
N/A
C 40 H 56
Neurosporene isomer-3 (Neu-3)
21.67
410, 434, 462
84.66
C 40 H 58
Neurosporene isomer-6 (Neu-6)
23.05
418, 438, 470
49.77
C 40 H 58
Tri-cis-lycopene (tc-Lyc)
23.47
420, 446, 470
N/A
C 40 H 58
All-trans-neurosporene (Neu)
23.65
418, 442, 470
93.61
C 40 H 58
7,9-di-cis-lycopene (7,9 dc-Lyc)
a
23.91
422, 446, 474
N/A
C 40 H 56
7-cis-lycopene isomer-1 (7c-Lyc1)
a
24.59
(298) 442, 466, 494 36.65
C 40 H 56
7-cis-lycopene isomer-2 (7c-Lyc2)
a
24.95
(298) 442, 466, 494 37.01
C 40 H 56
9-cis-lycopene isomer-1 (9c-Lyc1)
a
25.32
(298) 442, 466, 498 75.00
C 40 H 56
9-cis-lycopene isomer-2 (9c-Lyc2)
a
25.55
(298) 442, 466, 498 76.08
C 40 H 56
7,7
0 -di-cis-lycopene (7,7 dc-Lyc)
a
26.45
(298) 442, 470, 498 N/A
C 40 H 56
5,5
0 -di-cis-lycopene (5,5 dc-Lyc)
a
27.02
(294) 446, 470, 502 40.39
C 40 H 56
5-cis-lycopene isomer (5c-Lyc)
a
27.24
(294) 446, 474, 502 73.84
C 40 H 56
(continued)
Profiling Carotenoids in Plants Using HPLC
155