Microbial-Mediated Nanoparticles for Sustainable Environment …
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without inducing any alleviation in the potential of ecospheric zone for providing
resources to future generations. Sustainable development is another extension of this
concept which has been adopted by United Nations delineated in the Rio Declaration
and Agenda 21 to be achieved by international community.
Different nations working toward sustainability achievement in terms of food,
energy and finance have now also been afflicted with the need for considering their
environmental issues from a critical point of view. Environment is the ultimate recipient of all the pollutants and contaminants released from any preparative and industrial
procedure. In order to not making it a dumping bin for future generations, different
industries have now been pressurized to adopt sustainable approaches. In this regard,
three approaches are quite significant, i.e., either to completely prevent the chemical
toxins release or to minimize them or more specifically to switch to environmentally
cleaner production strategies. The later approach is marked by fulfilling all rules of
green chemistry (Esposito and Antonietti 2015). Microbial synthesis of NPs is one
of such approaches aimed at environmental integrity maintenance showing cleaner
production having an association with the maneuvers, ecological sustainability and
enlargement of leftover decline, reprocessing, and re-claiming at the innovativeness
level. The scope of such process is both microeconomic and ecological (Khalili et al.
2015). The profound role of nano-biotechnology can be comprehended from the
fact that it directly contributes to the environmental management in a sustainable
mode by adopting cleaner production procedures and ecospheric managerial tools
aimed at gaining an efficiency in the generation process, using renewable inputs
and sustainable waste production. The rational utilization of nature’s resources and
reduced waste production can prove an effective tool toward environmental sustainability. Interestingly, the microbial synthetic processes can also be further extended
to sustainability by means of analysis of the life cycle of synthesized product and ecodesigns. This trend has been increasingly adopted in various fields since it gives hint
regarding development of the novel products and services besides rational utilization of exhaustible resources and thus indirectly minimizing the ecological impacts
(Casamayor and Su 2013; Chou 2014; Kuo et al. 2016).
There have been many decades to the microbes mediated green NPs synthesis in
a cost-effective manner; however, it is entirely impossible to outline a general framework of mechanistic rules expressing the underlying procedures associated with the
biogenesis. It is partly due to the fact that microbial community is an immensely
diverse niche, where metallic ion stabilizers can be bacterial, fungal, algal, yeast, or
viral agents. Yet in a more generalized manner to comprehend green NPs synthesis
via microbial route, it can be said that microbial strains are specialized in detoxification of the metallic ions by means of different reactions leading to the reduction or
precipitation of the metallic ions in soluble form to their eco-friendly and insoluble
forms having sizes in nano-range.
291
without inducing any alleviation in the potential of ecospheric zone for providing
resources to future generations. Sustainable development is another extension of this
concept which has been adopted by United Nations delineated in the Rio Declaration
and Agenda 21 to be achieved by international community.
Different nations working toward sustainability achievement in terms of food,
energy and finance have now also been afflicted with the need for considering their
environmental issues from a critical point of view. Environment is the ultimate recipient of all the pollutants and contaminants released from any preparative and industrial
procedure. In order to not making it a dumping bin for future generations, different
industries have now been pressurized to adopt sustainable approaches. In this regard,
three approaches are quite significant, i.e., either to completely prevent the chemical
toxins release or to minimize them or more specifically to switch to environmentally
cleaner production strategies. The later approach is marked by fulfilling all rules of
green chemistry (Esposito and Antonietti 2015). Microbial synthesis of NPs is one
of such approaches aimed at environmental integrity maintenance showing cleaner
production having an association with the maneuvers, ecological sustainability and
enlargement of leftover decline, reprocessing, and re-claiming at the innovativeness
level. The scope of such process is both microeconomic and ecological (Khalili et al.
2015). The profound role of nano-biotechnology can be comprehended from the
fact that it directly contributes to the environmental management in a sustainable
mode by adopting cleaner production procedures and ecospheric managerial tools
aimed at gaining an efficiency in the generation process, using renewable inputs
and sustainable waste production. The rational utilization of nature’s resources and
reduced waste production can prove an effective tool toward environmental sustainability. Interestingly, the microbial synthetic processes can also be further extended
to sustainability by means of analysis of the life cycle of synthesized product and ecodesigns. This trend has been increasingly adopted in various fields since it gives hint
regarding development of the novel products and services besides rational utilization of exhaustible resources and thus indirectly minimizing the ecological impacts
(Casamayor and Su 2013; Chou 2014; Kuo et al. 2016).
There have been many decades to the microbes mediated green NPs synthesis in
a cost-effective manner; however, it is entirely impossible to outline a general framework of mechanistic rules expressing the underlying procedures associated with the
biogenesis. It is partly due to the fact that microbial community is an immensely
diverse niche, where metallic ion stabilizers can be bacterial, fungal, algal, yeast, or
viral agents. Yet in a more generalized manner to comprehend green NPs synthesis
via microbial route, it can be said that microbial strains are specialized in detoxification of the metallic ions by means of different reactions leading to the reduction or
precipitation of the metallic ions in soluble form to their eco-friendly and insoluble
forms having sizes in nano-range.