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S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
2 Methods
2.1 Searching Approach
The current chapter is based on the meticulous analysis of the significant roles of
microbial entities in stabilizing and reducing metallic ions consolidating environmental sustainability by means of data assortment from varied electronic databases
that included Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct,
ProQuest, and Embase covering published research articles, reviews, perspectives,
and chapters from Springer, Springer Nature, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Jstore,
Royal Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, and The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The investigative pattern has been based on
content analysis. Selected studies emphasize the synthesis of microbial NPs from
different sources, their applications specifically antimicrobial and photo-catalysis.
Publications spanning over a range of 2000–2020 were selected for analysis but
the ones from 2015 to 2020 were majorly focused. The searching strategy was
varied by feeding terms as: [“microbial synthesis”, “green synthesis”, “microbial nanoparticles”, “microbial nanoparticles applications”, “microbial nanoparticles
photo-catalysis”, “environmental sustainability,” and “cleaner production”].
3 Green Chemistry and Ecospheric Sustainability
Current era has been marked by a greater number of environmental challenges in
comparison to the last decades in terms of ecological toxicity, hydrological extremes,
climatic disruption, scarcity of resources, and pressure over exhaustible sources.
Scientific community has been eagerly contributing to solve these issues of environment challenges through the development of efficient contraptions for solving energy
crises (Jaffri and Ahmad 2020a), smart agricultural practices (Iftikhar et al. 2019),
and environmental cleanup strategies (Iram et al. 2019, 2020); however, for an overall
environment to gain balance and human issues to be solved, a consolidated sustainability approach is required. By considering the eco-friendly procedures of green
chemistry, this objective can be fulfilled. Microbes being nano-biotechnological
tools are in complete conformity with the roles of green chemistry, and thus, they
have a significant role in strengthening environmental sustainability in terms of
both cleaner production and environmental remediators. Generally, sustainability
is marked by establishment of the association between dynamically altering anthropogenic economic systems and transforming ecospheric systems in a slower pace.
Additionally, sustainability also points toward the life continuation of human, his
flourishing, culture development equally taking into account the integrity and protection of ecological life. Or in a simpler way, sustainability is the achievement of that
economic phase by different countries and nations in which the resources are being
driven from the natural environment by human for fulfilling his needs for survival
S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
2 Methods
2.1 Searching Approach
The current chapter is based on the meticulous analysis of the significant roles of
microbial entities in stabilizing and reducing metallic ions consolidating environmental sustainability by means of data assortment from varied electronic databases
that included Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct,
ProQuest, and Embase covering published research articles, reviews, perspectives,
and chapters from Springer, Springer Nature, Elsevier, Taylor and Francis, Jstore,
Royal Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, and The Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers. The investigative pattern has been based on
content analysis. Selected studies emphasize the synthesis of microbial NPs from
different sources, their applications specifically antimicrobial and photo-catalysis.
Publications spanning over a range of 2000–2020 were selected for analysis but
the ones from 2015 to 2020 were majorly focused. The searching strategy was
varied by feeding terms as: [“microbial synthesis”, “green synthesis”, “microbial nanoparticles”, “microbial nanoparticles applications”, “microbial nanoparticles
photo-catalysis”, “environmental sustainability,” and “cleaner production”].
3 Green Chemistry and Ecospheric Sustainability
Current era has been marked by a greater number of environmental challenges in
comparison to the last decades in terms of ecological toxicity, hydrological extremes,
climatic disruption, scarcity of resources, and pressure over exhaustible sources.
Scientific community has been eagerly contributing to solve these issues of environment challenges through the development of efficient contraptions for solving energy
crises (Jaffri and Ahmad 2020a), smart agricultural practices (Iftikhar et al. 2019),
and environmental cleanup strategies (Iram et al. 2019, 2020); however, for an overall
environment to gain balance and human issues to be solved, a consolidated sustainability approach is required. By considering the eco-friendly procedures of green
chemistry, this objective can be fulfilled. Microbes being nano-biotechnological
tools are in complete conformity with the roles of green chemistry, and thus, they
have a significant role in strengthening environmental sustainability in terms of
both cleaner production and environmental remediators. Generally, sustainability
is marked by establishment of the association between dynamically altering anthropogenic economic systems and transforming ecospheric systems in a slower pace.
Additionally, sustainability also points toward the life continuation of human, his
flourishing, culture development equally taking into account the integrity and protection of ecological life. Or in a simpler way, sustainability is the achievement of that
economic phase by different countries and nations in which the resources are being
driven from the natural environment by human for fulfilling his needs for survival