264
E. A. Adebayo et al.
and B. subtilis as documented by Mohanta et al. (2016). Cotton fabrics incorporated
with 75 nm cubic AgNPs of G. lucidum showed promising antimicrobial activity
against Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Proteus species. Thus, it was shown that
the dressing material incorporated with AgNPs was sterile and could be commercially used for the treatment of wounds and infections (Paul et al. 2015). AgNPs
of Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki extract generated little amount of reactive
oxygen species with great promises in apoptosis due to their cytotoxic effects, and
this can be built upon in the race to discover potent anticancer drugs (Gurunathan et al.
2013). Furthermore, Anthony et al. (2013) demonstrated the antibacterial activity of
Tricholoma matsutake-mediated AgNPs against B. subtilis and E. coli.
4.2 Mushroom-Mediated Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
and Their Applications
Mushroom-mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are another interesting members
of novel metal nanoparticles discovered to have promising applications in several
fields ranging from disease diagnosis, catalysis, gene expression, nanoelectronics
and nonlinear optics (Bhat et al. 2013). AuNPs biosynthesis with mushroom extracts
had been revealed to have different shapes such as spherical, hexagonal and triangular
as well as 5-150 nm sizes (Sen et al. 2013). Some spherical AuNPs of sizes 16–91 nm
from dried mushroom and 23–100 nm for AuNPs from fresh mushroom of Pleurotus
cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus have been reported (Owaid et al. 2017a), while
Owaid (2019) reported the presence of triangular gold nanoparticles from Lentinula
edodes aqueous extract. Antiproliferative effect of irregularly shaped AuNPs from P.
florida against human cancer cell lines has been reported (Bhat et al. 2011). AuNPs
of Pleurotus florida were irregular in shape with sizes 12–15 nm and demonstrated
anticancer potential against common cancer cell lines of HeLa (Human cervix), K562 (Human chronic myelogenous leukaemia bone marrow), MDA-MB (Human
adenocarcinoma mammary gland) and A-549 (Human lung carcinoma) as well as no
lethal activity recorded in African green monkey kidney normal cell (Bhat et al. 2013).
Spherical AuNPs of sizes 10.3–38.7 nm synthesized from Pleurotus ostreatus showed
antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while antifungal activity was reported
against C. albicans (Bawadekji et al. 2018). Fabricated AuNPs of 10–50 nm size
and spherically shaped obtained using Agaricus bisporus exhibited high antifungal
activity against Aspergillus flavus (Eskandari-Nojedehi et al. 2018).
E. A. Adebayo et al.
and B. subtilis as documented by Mohanta et al. (2016). Cotton fabrics incorporated
with 75 nm cubic AgNPs of G. lucidum showed promising antimicrobial activity
against Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Proteus species. Thus, it was shown that
the dressing material incorporated with AgNPs was sterile and could be commercially used for the treatment of wounds and infections (Paul et al. 2015). AgNPs
of Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki extract generated little amount of reactive
oxygen species with great promises in apoptosis due to their cytotoxic effects, and
this can be built upon in the race to discover potent anticancer drugs (Gurunathan et al.
2013). Furthermore, Anthony et al. (2013) demonstrated the antibacterial activity of
Tricholoma matsutake-mediated AgNPs against B. subtilis and E. coli.
4.2 Mushroom-Mediated Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
and Their Applications
Mushroom-mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are another interesting members
of novel metal nanoparticles discovered to have promising applications in several
fields ranging from disease diagnosis, catalysis, gene expression, nanoelectronics
and nonlinear optics (Bhat et al. 2013). AuNPs biosynthesis with mushroom extracts
had been revealed to have different shapes such as spherical, hexagonal and triangular
as well as 5-150 nm sizes (Sen et al. 2013). Some spherical AuNPs of sizes 16–91 nm
from dried mushroom and 23–100 nm for AuNPs from fresh mushroom of Pleurotus
cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus have been reported (Owaid et al. 2017a), while
Owaid (2019) reported the presence of triangular gold nanoparticles from Lentinula
edodes aqueous extract. Antiproliferative effect of irregularly shaped AuNPs from P.
florida against human cancer cell lines has been reported (Bhat et al. 2011). AuNPs
of Pleurotus florida were irregular in shape with sizes 12–15 nm and demonstrated
anticancer potential against common cancer cell lines of HeLa (Human cervix), K562 (Human chronic myelogenous leukaemia bone marrow), MDA-MB (Human
adenocarcinoma mammary gland) and A-549 (Human lung carcinoma) as well as no
lethal activity recorded in African green monkey kidney normal cell (Bhat et al. 2013).
Spherical AuNPs of sizes 10.3–38.7 nm synthesized from Pleurotus ostreatus showed
antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while antifungal activity was reported
against C. albicans (Bawadekji et al. 2018). Fabricated AuNPs of 10–50 nm size
and spherically shaped obtained using Agaricus bisporus exhibited high antifungal
activity against Aspergillus flavus (Eskandari-Nojedehi et al. 2018).