Mushroom Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Developments and Potentials
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4.3 Mushroom-Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs)
and Their Applications
Mushrooms have been used to facilitate selenium reduction in sodium selenite, which
is inorganic or 1,5-diphenyl-3-selenopentanedione-1,5 (DAPS-25), which is organic.
In this development, spherical SeNPs were reportedly synthesized by Lentinula
edodes by Vetchinkina et al. (2013). More so, different shapes and sizes of selenium
nanoparticles have been produced with Grifila frondosa, P. ostreatus and G. lucidum
cultivated on germanium (GeO 2 ) and selenium (Na 2 SeO 3 )-rich media (Vetchinkina
et al. 2016). In addition, mushroom metabolites such as proteins and polysaccharides have been widely reported to be important in synthesizing SeNPs with great
antioxidant potential (Xiao et al. 2017). Chen et al. (2015) reported promising
antitumor activity of SeNPs when used in combination with polysaccharides from
Pleurotus tuber-regium. In a related study, Wang et al. (2014) reported improved
immune modulatory potential of SeNPs synthesized from polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum origin. Generally, according to Wu et al. (2013), polysaccharides and
protein complexes from diverse mushrooms are of immense importance to SeNPs
biosynthesis which is of great stability and controllable sizes.
4.4 Mushroom-Mediated Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles
(CdSNPs) and Their Applications
Research on the biological synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles has intensified due to its application in quantum dotting, biosensory, photocatalysis, solar
cells and diode, drug delivery and treatment. Mushroom protein thiol groups have
been heavily linked to the supply of sulphur important to the change of poisonous
cadmium to safe cadmium sulphide; thus, leading to the secretion of CdSNPs with
autocap and high stability (Sanghi and Verma 2009b). Under room temperature,
Coriolus versicolour-mediated CdSNPs have been produced extracellularly, while
4–5 nm spherical quantum dots CdSNPs were produced using P. ostreatus (Borovaya
et al. 2015). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ganoderma lucidum-mediated
CdSNPs have also been reported (Raziya et al. 2006).
4.5 Mushroom-Mediated ZnNPs, FeNPs and Other Metal
Nanoparticles with Their Applications
The biosynthesis of ZnNPs with various mushrooms extracts as bioreductant has been
explored by a number of researchers with zinc nanoparticles having size range of 3–
201 nm (Kowalczyk et al. 2011). In a study by Senapati and Sarkar (2014), cubic Pleurotus ostreatus-mediated zinc sulphide nanoparticles demonstrated linkage between
265
4.3 Mushroom-Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs)
and Their Applications
Mushrooms have been used to facilitate selenium reduction in sodium selenite, which
is inorganic or 1,5-diphenyl-3-selenopentanedione-1,5 (DAPS-25), which is organic.
In this development, spherical SeNPs were reportedly synthesized by Lentinula
edodes by Vetchinkina et al. (2013). More so, different shapes and sizes of selenium
nanoparticles have been produced with Grifila frondosa, P. ostreatus and G. lucidum
cultivated on germanium (GeO 2 ) and selenium (Na 2 SeO 3 )-rich media (Vetchinkina
et al. 2016). In addition, mushroom metabolites such as proteins and polysaccharides have been widely reported to be important in synthesizing SeNPs with great
antioxidant potential (Xiao et al. 2017). Chen et al. (2015) reported promising
antitumor activity of SeNPs when used in combination with polysaccharides from
Pleurotus tuber-regium. In a related study, Wang et al. (2014) reported improved
immune modulatory potential of SeNPs synthesized from polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum origin. Generally, according to Wu et al. (2013), polysaccharides and
protein complexes from diverse mushrooms are of immense importance to SeNPs
biosynthesis which is of great stability and controllable sizes.
4.4 Mushroom-Mediated Cadmium Sulphide Nanoparticles
(CdSNPs) and Their Applications
Research on the biological synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles has intensified due to its application in quantum dotting, biosensory, photocatalysis, solar
cells and diode, drug delivery and treatment. Mushroom protein thiol groups have
been heavily linked to the supply of sulphur important to the change of poisonous
cadmium to safe cadmium sulphide; thus, leading to the secretion of CdSNPs with
autocap and high stability (Sanghi and Verma 2009b). Under room temperature,
Coriolus versicolour-mediated CdSNPs have been produced extracellularly, while
4–5 nm spherical quantum dots CdSNPs were produced using P. ostreatus (Borovaya
et al. 2015). Antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ganoderma lucidum-mediated
CdSNPs have also been reported (Raziya et al. 2006).
4.5 Mushroom-Mediated ZnNPs, FeNPs and Other Metal
Nanoparticles with Their Applications
The biosynthesis of ZnNPs with various mushrooms extracts as bioreductant has been
explored by a number of researchers with zinc nanoparticles having size range of 3–
201 nm (Kowalczyk et al. 2011). In a study by Senapati and Sarkar (2014), cubic Pleurotus ostreatus-mediated zinc sulphide nanoparticles demonstrated linkage between