Current Advances in Fungal …
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can remarkably relief the contaminants of water in the environment and hazard to
humans due to the employment of venomous solvents and chemicals.
7.3 Myconanotechnology and Bioremediation
Nano-remediation uses interactive nanomaterials to stimulate and reduce pollutants.
Nowadays, NPs are suitable oxidizing factors to remedy the environmental contaminants. They are qualified for high permeation and reactivity versus hydrophobicorganic pollutants, redox contaminants and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The use of
nanomaterials in environmental cleaning serves to maintain a healthy human life.
Many research reports exhibited the use of NPs for bioremediation of heavy metals
such as Cd and Cr from wastewater (El-Sayed et al. 2020b; Salvadori, 2019; Sriramulu and Sumathi 2018; Uddandarao et al. 2019). The role of nanomaterials such as
Au-NPs, ZnO-NPs and Ag-NPs appears in the dye-removal process as it increases
the reaction rate while reducing the time needed to complete the degradation process
as its primary role as a catalyst for the process (Kalpana et al. 2018; Popli et al.
2018; Rabeea et al. 2020). Other reports hypothesized that the proteins surface of
the Se-NPs and Au-NPs formed by the fungal cells of Monascus purpureus and
Cladosporium oxysporum may improve the adsorption process of dyes (methylene
blue and rhodamine B) as amino acids (enzymes) that are attached to rings of aromatic
compounds to formation hydrophobic area that can improve the interaction between
nano-catalyst and dye molecules (Bhargava et al. 2016; El-Sayed et al. 2020b). It
is clear from the study of nano-scale silver, which demonstrated that the catalyst
in the form of nano-metal has good effectiveness in removing pollutants, especially
organic dyes, which leads to increased reaction rate and high efficiency, and thus the
industrial role played by the nano-silver (Popli et al. 2018).
7.4 Myconanotechnology and Textile Industry
The textile industries are one of the most important industries in the world where
obtaining a high-quality textile product is required by adding highly efficient materials, such as Ag-NPs, which in turn give the fabrics new properties such as antimicrobial activity and the prevention of harmful rays while giving them new performance
characteristics for self-cleaning. Impregnating Ag-NPs in wound dressings and
textile fabrics have been prosperous in controlling infection by microbial pathogens
(El-Rafie et al. 2012; Mohmed et al. 2017a; Shaheen and Abd El Aty 2018). Also,
some researchers have added biologically synthesized ZnO-NPs to textile fabrics to
increase the performance properties of fabrics, such as blocking ultraviolet radiation
and its antibacterial properties (Fouda et al. 2018; Mohamed et al. 2019). Recently,
our published study concerned with various shapes of ZnO-NPs (hexagonal, nano-rod
and spherical) were mycosynthesized by F. keratoplasticum, A. niger and A. terreus,
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can remarkably relief the contaminants of water in the environment and hazard to
humans due to the employment of venomous solvents and chemicals.
7.3 Myconanotechnology and Bioremediation
Nano-remediation uses interactive nanomaterials to stimulate and reduce pollutants.
Nowadays, NPs are suitable oxidizing factors to remedy the environmental contaminants. They are qualified for high permeation and reactivity versus hydrophobicorganic pollutants, redox contaminants and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The use of
nanomaterials in environmental cleaning serves to maintain a healthy human life.
Many research reports exhibited the use of NPs for bioremediation of heavy metals
such as Cd and Cr from wastewater (El-Sayed et al. 2020b; Salvadori, 2019; Sriramulu and Sumathi 2018; Uddandarao et al. 2019). The role of nanomaterials such as
Au-NPs, ZnO-NPs and Ag-NPs appears in the dye-removal process as it increases
the reaction rate while reducing the time needed to complete the degradation process
as its primary role as a catalyst for the process (Kalpana et al. 2018; Popli et al.
2018; Rabeea et al. 2020). Other reports hypothesized that the proteins surface of
the Se-NPs and Au-NPs formed by the fungal cells of Monascus purpureus and
Cladosporium oxysporum may improve the adsorption process of dyes (methylene
blue and rhodamine B) as amino acids (enzymes) that are attached to rings of aromatic
compounds to formation hydrophobic area that can improve the interaction between
nano-catalyst and dye molecules (Bhargava et al. 2016; El-Sayed et al. 2020b). It
is clear from the study of nano-scale silver, which demonstrated that the catalyst
in the form of nano-metal has good effectiveness in removing pollutants, especially
organic dyes, which leads to increased reaction rate and high efficiency, and thus the
industrial role played by the nano-silver (Popli et al. 2018).
7.4 Myconanotechnology and Textile Industry
The textile industries are one of the most important industries in the world where
obtaining a high-quality textile product is required by adding highly efficient materials, such as Ag-NPs, which in turn give the fabrics new properties such as antimicrobial activity and the prevention of harmful rays while giving them new performance
characteristics for self-cleaning. Impregnating Ag-NPs in wound dressings and
textile fabrics have been prosperous in controlling infection by microbial pathogens
(El-Rafie et al. 2012; Mohmed et al. 2017a; Shaheen and Abd El Aty 2018). Also,
some researchers have added biologically synthesized ZnO-NPs to textile fabrics to
increase the performance properties of fabrics, such as blocking ultraviolet radiation
and its antibacterial properties (Fouda et al. 2018; Mohamed et al. 2019). Recently,
our published study concerned with various shapes of ZnO-NPs (hexagonal, nano-rod
and spherical) were mycosynthesized by F. keratoplasticum, A. niger and A. terreus,