82
32. Gutmann G, Kistrup H, Bauke FGK, Muller G (1980) Sodium ion-conducting glass electrolyte
for sodium-sulfur batteries. U.S. Patent No. 4,237,196
33. Susman S, Delbecq CJ, McMillan JA, Roche MF (1983) NASIGLAS: a new vitreous electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 9 & 10:667–674
34. Tsang FY (1974) Sodium borate glass compositions and batteries containing the same.
U.S. Patent No. 3,829,331
35. Braga MH, Murchison AJ, Ferreira JA, Singh P, Goodenough JB (2016) Glass-amorphous
alkali-ion solid electrolytes and their performance in symmetrical cells. Energy Environ Sci
9(3):948–954
36. Braga MH, Ferreira JA, Murchison AJ, Goodenough JB (2017) Electric dipoles and ionic
conductivity in a Na+ glass electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 164(2):A207–A213
37. Barrau B, Ribes M, Maurin M, Kone A, Souquet J-L (1980) Glass formation, structure and
ionic conduction in the Na2S-GeS2 system. J Non-Cryst Solids 37(1):1–14
38. Itoh K, Fukunaga T (2009) Structure of Na 2 S-GeS 2 glasses studied by using neutron and X-ray
diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo modeling. Solid State Ionics 180:351–355
39. Nose M, Kato A, Sakuda A, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2015) Evaluation of mechanical
properties of Na2S-P2S5 sulfide glass electrolytes. J Mater Chem A 3:22061–22065
40. Noi K, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2014) Structure and properties of the Na2S–P2S5 glasses
and glass–ceramics prepared by mechanical milling. J Power Sources 269:260–265
41. Bischoff C, Schuller K, Martin SW (2014) Short range structural models of the glass transition temperatures and densities of 0.5Na2S + 0.5[xGeS2 + (1 – x)PS5/2] mixed glass former
glasses. J Phys Chem B 118(13):3710–3719
42. Hayashi A, Noi K, Sakuda A, Tatsumisago M (2012) Superionic glass-ceramic electrolytes for
room-temperature rechargeable sodium batteries. Nat Commun 3:856–861
43. Hayashi A, Noi K, Tanibata N, Nagao M, Tatsumisago M (2014) High sodium ion conductivity
of glass–ceramic electrolytes with cubic Na3PS4. J Power Sources 258:420–423
44. Tsuji F, Tanibata N, Sakuda A, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2018) Preparation of sodium ion
conductive Na10GeP2S12. Chem Lett 47:13–15
45. de Klerk NJJ, Wagemaker M (2016) Diffusion mechanism of the sodium-ion solid electrolyte
Na3PS4 and potential improvements of halogen doping. Chem Mater 28(9):3122–3130
46. Gamo H, Phuc NHH, Matsuda R, Muto H, Matsuda A (2019) Multiphase Na3SbS4 with high
ionic conductivity. Mater Today Energy 13:45–49
47. West K, Zachau-Christiansen B, Jacobsen T, Atlung S (1985) A rechargeable all-solid-state
sodium cell with polymer electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc Accel Brief Commun 132:3061–3062
48. West K, Zachau-Christiansen B, Jacobsen T, Hiort-Lorenzen E, Skaarup S (1988) Poly(ethylene
oxide)-sodium perchlorate electrolytes in solid-state sodium cells. Br Polym J 20(3):243–246
49. Castillo J, Delgado I, Chacón M, Vargas RA (2001) New solid ionic conductor based on
poly(ethylene oxide) and sodium trifluoroacetate. Electrochim Acta 46(10):1695–1697
50. Vignarooban K, Kushagra R, Elango A, Badami P, Mellander BE, Xu X, Tucker TG, Nam C,
Kannan AM (2016) Current trends and future challenges of electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries. Int J Hydrog Energy 41(4):2829–2846
51. Park C-W, Ryu H-S, Kim K-W, Ahn J-H, Lee J-Y, Ahn H-J (2007) Discharge properties
of all-solid sodium–sulfur battery using poly (ethylene oxide) electrolyte. J Power Sources
165(1):450–454
52. Gao H, Guo B, Song J, Park K, Goodenough JB (2015) A composite gel-polymer/glass-fiber
electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Energy Mater 5(9):1402235
53. Gao H, Zhou W, Park K, Goodenough JB (2016) A sodium-ion battery with a low-cost crosslinked gel-polymer electrolyte. Adv Energy Mater 6(18):1600467
54. Vondrák J, Sedlařıková M, Velická J, Klápště B, Novák V, Reiter J (2001) Gel polymer electrolytes based on PMMA. Electrochim Acta 46(13):2047–2048
55. Osman Z, Md Isa KB, Ahmad A, Othman LJI (2010) A comparative study of lithium and
sodium salts in PAN-based ion conducting polymer electrolytes. Ionics 16(5):431–435
E. D. Spoerke et al.
32. Gutmann G, Kistrup H, Bauke FGK, Muller G (1980) Sodium ion-conducting glass electrolyte
for sodium-sulfur batteries. U.S. Patent No. 4,237,196
33. Susman S, Delbecq CJ, McMillan JA, Roche MF (1983) NASIGLAS: a new vitreous electrolyte. Solid State Ionics 9 & 10:667–674
34. Tsang FY (1974) Sodium borate glass compositions and batteries containing the same.
U.S. Patent No. 3,829,331
35. Braga MH, Murchison AJ, Ferreira JA, Singh P, Goodenough JB (2016) Glass-amorphous
alkali-ion solid electrolytes and their performance in symmetrical cells. Energy Environ Sci
9(3):948–954
36. Braga MH, Ferreira JA, Murchison AJ, Goodenough JB (2017) Electric dipoles and ionic
conductivity in a Na+ glass electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc 164(2):A207–A213
37. Barrau B, Ribes M, Maurin M, Kone A, Souquet J-L (1980) Glass formation, structure and
ionic conduction in the Na2S-GeS2 system. J Non-Cryst Solids 37(1):1–14
38. Itoh K, Fukunaga T (2009) Structure of Na 2 S-GeS 2 glasses studied by using neutron and X-ray
diffraction and reverse Monte Carlo modeling. Solid State Ionics 180:351–355
39. Nose M, Kato A, Sakuda A, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2015) Evaluation of mechanical
properties of Na2S-P2S5 sulfide glass electrolytes. J Mater Chem A 3:22061–22065
40. Noi K, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2014) Structure and properties of the Na2S–P2S5 glasses
and glass–ceramics prepared by mechanical milling. J Power Sources 269:260–265
41. Bischoff C, Schuller K, Martin SW (2014) Short range structural models of the glass transition temperatures and densities of 0.5Na2S + 0.5[xGeS2 + (1 – x)PS5/2] mixed glass former
glasses. J Phys Chem B 118(13):3710–3719
42. Hayashi A, Noi K, Sakuda A, Tatsumisago M (2012) Superionic glass-ceramic electrolytes for
room-temperature rechargeable sodium batteries. Nat Commun 3:856–861
43. Hayashi A, Noi K, Tanibata N, Nagao M, Tatsumisago M (2014) High sodium ion conductivity
of glass–ceramic electrolytes with cubic Na3PS4. J Power Sources 258:420–423
44. Tsuji F, Tanibata N, Sakuda A, Hayashi A, Tatsumisago M (2018) Preparation of sodium ion
conductive Na10GeP2S12. Chem Lett 47:13–15
45. de Klerk NJJ, Wagemaker M (2016) Diffusion mechanism of the sodium-ion solid electrolyte
Na3PS4 and potential improvements of halogen doping. Chem Mater 28(9):3122–3130
46. Gamo H, Phuc NHH, Matsuda R, Muto H, Matsuda A (2019) Multiphase Na3SbS4 with high
ionic conductivity. Mater Today Energy 13:45–49
47. West K, Zachau-Christiansen B, Jacobsen T, Atlung S (1985) A rechargeable all-solid-state
sodium cell with polymer electrolyte. J Electrochem Soc Accel Brief Commun 132:3061–3062
48. West K, Zachau-Christiansen B, Jacobsen T, Hiort-Lorenzen E, Skaarup S (1988) Poly(ethylene
oxide)-sodium perchlorate electrolytes in solid-state sodium cells. Br Polym J 20(3):243–246
49. Castillo J, Delgado I, Chacón M, Vargas RA (2001) New solid ionic conductor based on
poly(ethylene oxide) and sodium trifluoroacetate. Electrochim Acta 46(10):1695–1697
50. Vignarooban K, Kushagra R, Elango A, Badami P, Mellander BE, Xu X, Tucker TG, Nam C,
Kannan AM (2016) Current trends and future challenges of electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries. Int J Hydrog Energy 41(4):2829–2846
51. Park C-W, Ryu H-S, Kim K-W, Ahn J-H, Lee J-Y, Ahn H-J (2007) Discharge properties
of all-solid sodium–sulfur battery using poly (ethylene oxide) electrolyte. J Power Sources
165(1):450–454
52. Gao H, Guo B, Song J, Park K, Goodenough JB (2015) A composite gel-polymer/glass-fiber
electrolyte for sodium-ion batteries. Adv Energy Mater 5(9):1402235
53. Gao H, Zhou W, Park K, Goodenough JB (2016) A sodium-ion battery with a low-cost crosslinked gel-polymer electrolyte. Adv Energy Mater 6(18):1600467
54. Vondrák J, Sedlařıková M, Velická J, Klápště B, Novák V, Reiter J (2001) Gel polymer electrolytes based on PMMA. Electrochim Acta 46(13):2047–2048
55. Osman Z, Md Isa KB, Ahmad A, Othman LJI (2010) A comparative study of lithium and
sodium salts in PAN-based ion conducting polymer electrolytes. Ionics 16(5):431–435
E. D. Spoerke et al.