13
Ref.
Materials comprising
the anode
cycle
life
a
DOD: per
total anode
mass
b
(mAh
g
−1 )
DOD: per total
anode
volume
c
(mAh
mL
−1
)
lifetime
c
throughput
(Ah mL
−1
)
Chamoun [60]
and Davies
et al. [61]
Hyper-dendritic zinc,
~6 M KOH
~100 n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
Ingale et al.
[27]
Zn, ZnO, PTFE
2000 11
38
72
Wang et al. [57]
and Zhang
et al. [62]
ZnAl-X-LDH, acetylene
black, PTFE, 6 M KOH
sat’d ZnO,
800
200
242
193
Parker et al.
[63]
Zinc sponge created by
electrodeposition
>40
~100
e
~600
>24
e
Higashi [45]
“Backside” cycling
800
~50
f
31
f
25
f
Turney
et al.[28]
ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 , Bi 2 O 3 ,
Teflon binder, KOH
990
58
192
192
a
Cycle life was defined as the number of cycles until capacity drops below 75% of the average
capacity, or until coulombic efficiency drops below 75%. Many publications that reported low
capacity (<20mAh/mL) were not included
b
Total mass includes binders, conductive carbons, additives, and electrolyte, but ignoring the current collector
c
Using total volume necessary, including any excess electrolyte needed for the electrode to operate
d
Likely operated in great excess of electrolyte
e
Did not clearly report anode thickness or porosity. Porosity was back calculated using available
information in the paper to be ~60%
f
Only 1 mAh cm
−2 was tested, which is ~15x lower than a realistic battery
Table 2 (continued)
of zinc electrode performance is given in [28], and is reproduced here in Table 2 and
Fig. 9. Specific references are listed in the original text. Important features of
Table 2 and Fig. 9 are the metrics used to judge performance. Academic research
often veers far away from practicality by forgetting that the practical performance
Fig. 9 Maps of zinc anode performance measured by single-discharge capacity (left plot) and
lifetime discharge capacity (right plot). Colored squares correspond to published demonstrations.
Specific references for the data points are given in Turney et al. [28]
Aqueous Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage
Ref.
Materials comprising
the anode
cycle
life
a
DOD: per
total anode
mass
b
(mAh
g
−1 )
DOD: per total
anode
volume
c
(mAh
mL
−1
)
lifetime
c
throughput
(Ah mL
−1
)
Chamoun [60]
and Davies
et al. [61]
Hyper-dendritic zinc,
~6 M KOH
~100 n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
Ingale et al.
[27]
Zn, ZnO, PTFE
2000 11
38
72
Wang et al. [57]
and Zhang
et al. [62]
ZnAl-X-LDH, acetylene
black, PTFE, 6 M KOH
sat’d ZnO,
800
200
242
193
Parker et al.
[63]
Zinc sponge created by
electrodeposition
>40
~100
e
~600
>24
e
Higashi [45]
“Backside” cycling
800
~50
f
31
f
25
f
Turney
et al.[28]
ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 , Bi 2 O 3 ,
Teflon binder, KOH
990
58
192
192
a
Cycle life was defined as the number of cycles until capacity drops below 75% of the average
capacity, or until coulombic efficiency drops below 75%. Many publications that reported low
capacity (<20mAh/mL) were not included
b
Total mass includes binders, conductive carbons, additives, and electrolyte, but ignoring the current collector
c
Using total volume necessary, including any excess electrolyte needed for the electrode to operate
d
Likely operated in great excess of electrolyte
e
Did not clearly report anode thickness or porosity. Porosity was back calculated using available
information in the paper to be ~60%
f
Only 1 mAh cm
−2 was tested, which is ~15x lower than a realistic battery
Table 2 (continued)
of zinc electrode performance is given in [28], and is reproduced here in Table 2 and
Fig. 9. Specific references are listed in the original text. Important features of
Table 2 and Fig. 9 are the metrics used to judge performance. Academic research
often veers far away from practicality by forgetting that the practical performance
Fig. 9 Maps of zinc anode performance measured by single-discharge capacity (left plot) and
lifetime discharge capacity (right plot). Colored squares correspond to published demonstrations.
Specific references for the data points are given in Turney et al. [28]
Aqueous Mn-Zn and Ni-Zn Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage