12
Table 2 A survey of rechargeable Zn anode performance since the 1980s
Ref.
Materials comprising
the anode
cycle
life
a
DOD: per
total anode
mass
b (mAh
g
−1
)
DOD: per total
anode
volume
c
(mAh
mL
−1
)
lifetime
c
throughput
(Ah mL
−1
)
Biegler et al.
[46]
ZnO, acetylene black,
2% HgO, PTFE, 1%
CMC, 6.9 M KOH
~50
112
338
17
Sato et al. [47] ZnO, Zn, Bi 2 O 3 ,
Ca(OH) 2 , Teflon binder
300
128
330
99
Nichols et al.
[48]
ZnO, PbO, PTFE, 15%
KOH w/ KF or K 3 BO 3
w/ 1% Li 2 BO 3
130
142
242
31
Gagnon [49]
ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 ,
3.4%Pb 3 O 4 , 1.4%
newsprint, 20% KOH
200
123
291
58
Jones [50]
ZnO, Ca(OH) 2 ,
3.9%Pb 3 O 4 , 1.1%
newsprint, 30% KOH
300
125
364
110
Gagnon and
Wang [51]
ZnO; Ca(OH) 2 ; 3.3%
Pb 3 O 4 ; 1.1%
superwettable PP, 20%
KOH
500
91
225
112
Charkey [52]) ZnO; Ca(OH) 2 , PbO,
2.5% PTFE binder
450
218
396
178
Müller et al.
[53]
ZnO, PTFE, cellulose
fibers
175
n.d.
246
43
Adler et al. [54] ZnO, PbO, PTFE,
newsprint, 4 M KOH,
2 M KF, 2 M K 2 CO 3 ,
LiOH
380
170
340
131
Charkey [55]
Calcium zincate, 50%
ZnO, 10% Ca(OH) 2
170
164
186
32
Yu et al. [37]
Calcium zincate, 8%
PTFE; 2% PbO; 4 M
KOH sat’d w/ ZnO
400
174
428
160
Zhang et al.
[56]
ZnO, 27% Ca(OH) 2 ,
10% Bi 2 O 3 , ~1% PVA
binder
100
127d
498d
50d
Wang et al. [57] Ca-Zn; Zn powder;
acetylene black, PTFE,
6 M KOH sat’d ZnO
230
240
390
88
Ito et al. [58]
and Turney
et al. [13]
KOH, 0.75 g/L zincate,
electrodeposition from
electrolyte
3500 125
29
103
Gan et al. [59] ZnO coated in
polypyrrole, 10%
acetylene black, PVA,
KOH
70
200
588
41
(continued)
D. E. Turney et al.