ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 (99.34%), respectively. A pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction is
followed with a higher rate constant of 1.3 Â 10
À1 min
À1 . Analysis of regeneration
cycle exemplified only 3.13 and 7.2% decrement in photocatalytic activity.
Researchers exemplified potential of Ag-mediated g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 to degrade
methylene blue dye and removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Experimental
results revealed minimum ability of g-C 3 N 4 for antibacterial activity as shown in
Fig. 2.6. Upon visible light irradiations the released reactive oxidative species caused
cell membrane and protein lysis of bacteria with promoted antibacterial activity. The
photodegradation capacity of methylene blue dye was performed by Pant et al.
(2017) for bare g-C 3 N 4 , g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 , and Ag-mediated g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 was 42%,
72% and 99%, respectively after 2 h of visible light irradiations. Theerthagiri et al.
(2014) studied photodegradation activity of g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite for commonly used colorant direct red 81 released from textile, leather, and plastic industries
causing significant water pollution. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface
analysis revealed an increase in specific surface area from 13.4 to 28.8 m
2 /g and a
reduction in band gap from 2.7 to 2.4 eV for pristine g-C 3 N 4 and 1.6 wt. % β-Fe 2 O 3 ,
respectively. The enlarged surface area and lowered band gap provided more
catalytic surface area for degradation of various dyes (Christoforidis et al. 2016).
Aldehyde functionalized g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 resulted in 91.1% bisphenol A removal due
to the formation of 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde which decreased the probability of
electron–hole pair distance in Z-scheme-driven photocatalytic system. The trapping
Fig. 2.5 Scanning electron microscope images of (a) Fe 2 O 3 , (b) cross section of Fe 2 O 3 , and (c, d)
g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 depict a morphology change from needle-like in bare Fe 2 O 3 to cross-linked network
in g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 . (Reprinted with permission from Liu et al. in (2019) copyright@2014 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved)
62
P. Raizada et al.
followed with a higher rate constant of 1.3 Â 10
À1 min
À1 . Analysis of regeneration
cycle exemplified only 3.13 and 7.2% decrement in photocatalytic activity.
Researchers exemplified potential of Ag-mediated g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 to degrade
methylene blue dye and removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Experimental
results revealed minimum ability of g-C 3 N 4 for antibacterial activity as shown in
Fig. 2.6. Upon visible light irradiations the released reactive oxidative species caused
cell membrane and protein lysis of bacteria with promoted antibacterial activity. The
photodegradation capacity of methylene blue dye was performed by Pant et al.
(2017) for bare g-C 3 N 4 , g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 , and Ag-mediated g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 was 42%,
72% and 99%, respectively after 2 h of visible light irradiations. Theerthagiri et al.
(2014) studied photodegradation activity of g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 nanocomposite for commonly used colorant direct red 81 released from textile, leather, and plastic industries
causing significant water pollution. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface
analysis revealed an increase in specific surface area from 13.4 to 28.8 m
2 /g and a
reduction in band gap from 2.7 to 2.4 eV for pristine g-C 3 N 4 and 1.6 wt. % β-Fe 2 O 3 ,
respectively. The enlarged surface area and lowered band gap provided more
catalytic surface area for degradation of various dyes (Christoforidis et al. 2016).
Aldehyde functionalized g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 resulted in 91.1% bisphenol A removal due
to the formation of 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde which decreased the probability of
electron–hole pair distance in Z-scheme-driven photocatalytic system. The trapping
Fig. 2.5 Scanning electron microscope images of (a) Fe 2 O 3 , (b) cross section of Fe 2 O 3 , and (c, d)
g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 depict a morphology change from needle-like in bare Fe 2 O 3 to cross-linked network
in g-C 3 N 4 /Fe 2 O 3 . (Reprinted with permission from Liu et al. in (2019) copyright@2014 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved)
62
P. Raizada et al.