Nano Bi Films
Recently, nano thin films of BiÀcompounds attracted great attentions due to special
applications in multiple fields such as water splitting, solar cell, and remediation
environmental (Patil et al. 2015; Lee and Ebong 2017). Generally, powder compounds have serious problems including recollection and reusing, agglomeration
effect, and respiration problems for human. To resolve problem’s powders,
immobilized films introduced as new solution for photocatalytic applications. Until
now, BiÀfilms prepared by various methods such as chemical bath deposition (Gao
et al. 2011), liquid phase deposition (Song et al. 2004), spin coating (Tyagi et al.
2015), solÀgel (Zargazi and Entezari 2019a), chemical vapor deposition (Brack
et al. 2015), electrochemical deposition (Chahkandi and Zargazi 2019), electrophoretic deposition (Zargazi and Entezari 2019b), and so on.
Using the abovementioned methods, BiÀthin films deposited on conductive and
non-conductive substrate were applied for degradation of various pollutants. For
instance, Bi 2 WO 6 deposited over the surface of stainless steel mesh using the anodic
electrophoretic method and applied for remediation of binary mixture of
4Ànitrophenol and 4Àchlorophenol (Zargazi and Entezari 2019b). High
photocatalytic degradation for film could be attributed to the effect of film thickness
and substrate in separation of electronÀhole. Alfaifi et al. reported the preparation of
Bi 2 WO 6 electrodes with nanoplates and Bucky ball-shaped microsphere morphologies by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition which was applied for degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B (Alfaifi and Bayahia 2019). Alfaifi and
Bayahia suggested the energetic and interfacial features of Bi 2 WO 6 film to increase
solar energy and photocatalytic activity of film. BiFeO 3 film also deposited on the
same substrate by anodic electrophoretic deposition method which exhibited high
photocatalytic efficiency for decomposition of rhodamine B dye (Zargazi and
Entezari 2018). BiFeO 3 film demonstrated higher photocatalytic degradation than
BiFeO 3 powder due to substrate effect in decreasing of recombination rate of photoinduced charge pairs. At another work, forestlike BiFeO 3 films are fabricated by
using cathodic electrophoretic deposition on the stainless steel mesh which indicated
high photocatalytic performance for phenol compounds. Forestlike morphology of
BiFeO 3 film depicts in Fig. 10.13 shows key effect in harvesting and multi-scattering
of visible light which led to high degradation efficiency (Zargazi and Entezari
2019a). Venkatesan et al. (2018) shown the preparation of stable monoclinic À
BiVO4 film by radio frequency À sputtering on the fluoride tin oxide and the
degradation application of rhodamine 6G. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr hexavalent
is conducted by Bi 2 S 3 films in single and binary mixtures. Chahkandi et al. reported
the novel deposition square wave voltammetry method of Bi 2 S 3 film on the stainless
steel mesh which exhibited high reduction rate for conversion toxic Cr(VI) to
non-toxic Cr(III) (Chahkandi and Zargazi 2019).
338
M. Zargazi and M. Chahkandi
Recently, nano thin films of BiÀcompounds attracted great attentions due to special
applications in multiple fields such as water splitting, solar cell, and remediation
environmental (Patil et al. 2015; Lee and Ebong 2017). Generally, powder compounds have serious problems including recollection and reusing, agglomeration
effect, and respiration problems for human. To resolve problem’s powders,
immobilized films introduced as new solution for photocatalytic applications. Until
now, BiÀfilms prepared by various methods such as chemical bath deposition (Gao
et al. 2011), liquid phase deposition (Song et al. 2004), spin coating (Tyagi et al.
2015), solÀgel (Zargazi and Entezari 2019a), chemical vapor deposition (Brack
et al. 2015), electrochemical deposition (Chahkandi and Zargazi 2019), electrophoretic deposition (Zargazi and Entezari 2019b), and so on.
Using the abovementioned methods, BiÀthin films deposited on conductive and
non-conductive substrate were applied for degradation of various pollutants. For
instance, Bi 2 WO 6 deposited over the surface of stainless steel mesh using the anodic
electrophoretic method and applied for remediation of binary mixture of
4Ànitrophenol and 4Àchlorophenol (Zargazi and Entezari 2019b). High
photocatalytic degradation for film could be attributed to the effect of film thickness
and substrate in separation of electronÀhole. Alfaifi et al. reported the preparation of
Bi 2 WO 6 electrodes with nanoplates and Bucky ball-shaped microsphere morphologies by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition which was applied for degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B (Alfaifi and Bayahia 2019). Alfaifi and
Bayahia suggested the energetic and interfacial features of Bi 2 WO 6 film to increase
solar energy and photocatalytic activity of film. BiFeO 3 film also deposited on the
same substrate by anodic electrophoretic deposition method which exhibited high
photocatalytic efficiency for decomposition of rhodamine B dye (Zargazi and
Entezari 2018). BiFeO 3 film demonstrated higher photocatalytic degradation than
BiFeO 3 powder due to substrate effect in decreasing of recombination rate of photoinduced charge pairs. At another work, forestlike BiFeO 3 films are fabricated by
using cathodic electrophoretic deposition on the stainless steel mesh which indicated
high photocatalytic performance for phenol compounds. Forestlike morphology of
BiFeO 3 film depicts in Fig. 10.13 shows key effect in harvesting and multi-scattering
of visible light which led to high degradation efficiency (Zargazi and Entezari
2019a). Venkatesan et al. (2018) shown the preparation of stable monoclinic À
BiVO4 film by radio frequency À sputtering on the fluoride tin oxide and the
degradation application of rhodamine 6G. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr hexavalent
is conducted by Bi 2 S 3 films in single and binary mixtures. Chahkandi et al. reported
the novel deposition square wave voltammetry method of Bi 2 S 3 film on the stainless
steel mesh which exhibited high reduction rate for conversion toxic Cr(VI) to
non-toxic Cr(III) (Chahkandi and Zargazi 2019).
338
M. Zargazi and M. Chahkandi