increased from 30 to 90 W,
whereas N
2 saturation decelerated the degradation rate
Cresol Red
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 300 kHz
P
elec
¼ 20–80 W
Air atmosphere
V
¼ 300 mL
C
0
¼ 60
μM
T
¼ 25
C
pH 2–9
Ultrasound effectively
degraded the dye, and superior
than 90% removal was
achieved within 90 min of
treatment for C
0
¼ 60
μM
Higher power and lower pH
produced higher degradation
rate
Fassi and
Petrier
(2016)
Rhodamine B, Acid
Orange 7, and malachite green
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 300 kHz
Intens.
¼ 2 W/cm
2
Air atmosphere
V
¼ 300 mL
C
0
¼ 5 mg/L
T
¼ 25–55
C
Natural pH (5–6)
More than 95% of the three
dyes were removed after less
than 60 min
The removal rate increased
substantially as the liquid temperature increased in the range
25–55
C
Merouani
et al. (2016)
Acid
Orange 7
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 600 kHz
P
elec
¼ 40–120 W
Air atmosphere
V
¼ 200 mL
C
0
¼ 5–30 mg/L
T
¼ 20
C
pH 2–12
100% removal of the dye
(20 mg/L) was achieved after
90 min, but only ~10%
decrease in TOC
0 was obtained
The treatment efficiency
increased with power increase
and pH decrease
Hamdaoui
and
Merouani
(2017b)
Basic Red 29
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 300 kHz
P
elec
¼ 20–80 W
Argon, air, and N
2
atmospheres
V
¼ 200 mL
C
0
¼ 5–200 mg/L
T
¼ 20
C
pH 3–10
30 mg/L of the dye was
completely eliminated after
120 min, but lower TOC and
COD (15% and 28%) were
achieved at 240 min
Higher degradation rates were
Boutamine
et al. (2017)
(continued)
5 Sonochemical Treatment of Textile Wastewater
163