Table 5.2
(continued)
Dye contaminant
Water matrix/
reactor type
Ultrasonic parameters/
gas atmosphere
Experimental
conditions
Treatment efficiency/other
results or remarks
Ref.
associated with higher power,
and the monoatomic gas
(argon) showed the best degradation yield
Brilliant Blue R
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 300 kHz
P
elec
¼ 20–80 W
Air atmosphere
V
¼ 200 mL
C
0
¼ 5 mg/L
T
¼ 25
C
pH 2, 5.2 and 8
70% of the dye was eliminated
after 20 min, while the complete degradation was achieved
at 140 min
The best degradation performance was attained at pH 8
and at higher ultrasonic power
(80 W)
Hamdaoui
and
Merouani
(2017a)
Toluidine blue
Deionized water/
standing wave
reactor (DS)
f ¼ 1700 kHz
P
elec
¼ 17 W
Argon, air, N
2 , and CO
2
atmosphere
V
¼ 100 mL
C
0
¼ 0.5–20 mg/L
T
¼ 20–70
C
pH 6
High-frequency ultrasound
(1700 kHz) removed efficiently toluidine blue from
water
Argon accelerated notably the
dye degradation, but CO
2
completely suppresses the
sonochemical process
The effect of liquid temperature was more pronounced at
higher dye concentration,
whereas no effect was
observed for inferior than
2 mg/L
Chadi et al.
(2018a, b)
164
S. Merouani and O. Hamdaoui