562
T
Tabanids, 413
Tabanidae, 412, 413
fossil record, 412
Tabanoidea, 412
Tachinidae, 425, 428, 439, 458, 459, 461, 486,
498, 501
Tanaostigmatidae, 440, 467
Tanglevein flies, 461
See also Nemestrinidae
Tantulocarida, 361
fossilization potential, 363
Tanupodidae, 324
Tapeworms, 3, 4
See also Cestoda
Taphonomy, 482, 483, 501
amber, 483
compression–impression fossils, 483
Tarsonemidae, 326
Tarsonemoidea, 317, 326
Tarwiniidae, 408, 409, 417
Taxonomic uniformitarianism, 214–223
Architectonicidae, 219
Coralliophilinae, 217
Epitoniidae, 216, 217
Eulimidae, 215, 216
Mathildoidea, 219
Pyramidellidae, 218, 219
See also Law of behavioral fixity
Teleostei, 186, 187
Teleosts, 126
Tenebrionoidea, 483, 486
Tenthredinidae, 464
Tenthredinoidea, 463, 480
Termitophily, 390
Terpenoids, 29
Tetracampidae, 440, 485
Tetrapoda, 11
Thecostraca
fossil record, 361, 363
general aspects, 361, 362
groups, 362
as parasites
Ascothoracida, 362
Cirripedia, 362
Facetotecta, 362
Tantulocarida, 361
Thelasmotidae, 252
Thelyphonida, 318
Thorny-headed worms, 7, 8
See also Acanthocephala
Thysanura, 486
Ticks, 11, 12, 42, 44, 329, 331
See also Ixodida
Tihkia, 178
Tiphiidae, 444, 484, 485
Tipulomorpha, 478, 479
Toarcian, 468, 471, 487, 496, 500
Tongue worms, 10, 11
See also Pentastomida
Torirostratidae, 404, 405
Torirostratus pilosus, 392
Torymidae, 398, 440, 467, 485, 486
Trans-ovarial (or vertical) transmission, 329
Trans-stadial (or horizontal) transmission, 329
Trematoda, 4–5
and Cestoda, 247–248
fossil record, 4, 247
amber, 4, 247
Gymnophallidae, 5, 247
in coprolites, 4
traces, 5, 247
life cycle, 4
Triassic, 6, 13, 126, 129, 211, 217–219,
223–225, 244, 252, 255, 335, 351
Triatoma dominicana, 44, 45, 53, 54
Triatomidae, 44
Triatominae, 53, 405
as hosts for
actinomycetes, 46
trypanosomes, 53
Trichogrammatidae, 440, 485
Trichoptera, 379, 449
as parasitoids, 379, 397
Dominican Amber Biota, 500
Hydroptilidae, 428, 486
Myanmar Amber Biota, 500
Post-MMPR expansion, 487
Trichothyrina, 83
Tricladida, 248
Trigonalidae, 430, 464
Trigonalyroidea, 464, 484
Trigoniida, 172, 173
Trigonotarbida, 318
Trigynaspida, 332
Trilobites, 300
as hosts for
acanthocephalans, 300
Triphoridae, 219–223
fossil record, 222
general aspects, 222
Triphoroidea, 221
Triungulin larva, 406, 454, 470, 484, 500
definition, 406
fossil record
Meloidae, 406
Strepsiptera, 455
MMPR, 500
Strepsiptera, 500
Trochidae, 219
Index
T
Tabanids, 413
Tabanidae, 412, 413
fossil record, 412
Tabanoidea, 412
Tachinidae, 425, 428, 439, 458, 459, 461, 486,
498, 501
Tanaostigmatidae, 440, 467
Tanglevein flies, 461
See also Nemestrinidae
Tantulocarida, 361
fossilization potential, 363
Tanupodidae, 324
Tapeworms, 3, 4
See also Cestoda
Taphonomy, 482, 483, 501
amber, 483
compression–impression fossils, 483
Tarsonemidae, 326
Tarsonemoidea, 317, 326
Tarwiniidae, 408, 409, 417
Taxonomic uniformitarianism, 214–223
Architectonicidae, 219
Coralliophilinae, 217
Epitoniidae, 216, 217
Eulimidae, 215, 216
Mathildoidea, 219
Pyramidellidae, 218, 219
See also Law of behavioral fixity
Teleostei, 186, 187
Teleosts, 126
Tenebrionoidea, 483, 486
Tenthredinidae, 464
Tenthredinoidea, 463, 480
Termitophily, 390
Terpenoids, 29
Tetracampidae, 440, 485
Tetrapoda, 11
Thecostraca
fossil record, 361, 363
general aspects, 361, 362
groups, 362
as parasites
Ascothoracida, 362
Cirripedia, 362
Facetotecta, 362
Tantulocarida, 361
Thelasmotidae, 252
Thelyphonida, 318
Thorny-headed worms, 7, 8
See also Acanthocephala
Thysanura, 486
Ticks, 11, 12, 42, 44, 329, 331
See also Ixodida
Tihkia, 178
Tiphiidae, 444, 484, 485
Tipulomorpha, 478, 479
Toarcian, 468, 471, 487, 496, 500
Tongue worms, 10, 11
See also Pentastomida
Torirostratidae, 404, 405
Torirostratus pilosus, 392
Torymidae, 398, 440, 467, 485, 486
Trans-ovarial (or vertical) transmission, 329
Trans-stadial (or horizontal) transmission, 329
Trematoda, 4–5
and Cestoda, 247–248
fossil record, 4, 247
amber, 4, 247
Gymnophallidae, 5, 247
in coprolites, 4
traces, 5, 247
life cycle, 4
Triassic, 6, 13, 126, 129, 211, 217–219,
223–225, 244, 252, 255, 335, 351
Triatoma dominicana, 44, 45, 53, 54
Triatomidae, 44
Triatominae, 53, 405
as hosts for
actinomycetes, 46
trypanosomes, 53
Trichogrammatidae, 440, 485
Trichoptera, 379, 449
as parasitoids, 379, 397
Dominican Amber Biota, 500
Hydroptilidae, 428, 486
Myanmar Amber Biota, 500
Post-MMPR expansion, 487
Trichothyrina, 83
Tricladida, 248
Trigonalidae, 430, 464
Trigonalyroidea, 464, 484
Trigoniida, 172, 173
Trigonotarbida, 318
Trigynaspida, 332
Trilobites, 300
as hosts for
acanthocephalans, 300
Triphoridae, 219–223
fossil record, 222
general aspects, 222
Triphoroidea, 221
Triungulin larva, 406, 454, 470, 484, 500
definition, 406
fossil record
Meloidae, 406
Strepsiptera, 455
MMPR, 500
Strepsiptera, 500
Trochidae, 219
Index