560
Reindeer warble fly, 417
See also Hypoderma tarandi
Reoviridae, 31
Reptiles, 7, 10, 11, 16, 51, 54, 63, 93, 114,
317, 325, 330, 332, 333, 336, 412
Resin acids, 29
Resinacaridae, 325
Resource concentration hypothesis, 500
Rhabdocoela, 248
fossil record, 248
Rhaetian, 243
Rhagionidae, 413
Rhagionoidea, 413
Rhinonyssidae, 335
Rhinophoridae, 413, 414
fossil record, 413
Rhipiceridae, 397, 398, 405, 406, 419, 452
fossil record, 405, 406
Rhizocephala, 362
fossil record, 363
Rhopalopsyllus, 44
Rhopalosomatidae, 443, 484
Rhyncophthirina, 403
Rhynie chert, 71, 86, 87, 90
age, 251
Ribeiroia ondatrae, 235
Rickettsia, 334
Rickettsial pathogens, 44
Rio do Rasto Formation, 247
age, 247
Ripiphoridae, 397, 398, 406, 420, 454, 456,
470, 480, 483
evolution of parasitoidism, 397
fossil record, 406
Ripiphoridae (wedge-shaped beetles),
406, 454
Rod-shaped bacteria, 40, 41
Roproniidae, 433, 480, 482
Rotifera, 233, 295
Phylogenetic relationships, 294
Archiacanthocephala, 258, 326
Bdelloidea, 256
See also Syndermata
Rotoitidae, 439, 485
Roundworms, 5–7
See also Nematoda
Rouphozoa, 234
S
Sagamiscintilla, 157
Salmonidae, 186, 187
Salmoniformes, 187
San Just Amber, 324
See also Amber
Sanctacaris, 318
Sand flies, 49, 50
See also Phlebotominae; Phlebotomidae
Santa Maria Formation, 252
Santana Formation, 179
Saprophytic bacteria, 40
Sapygidae, 398, 484
Sarcophagidae, 398, 428, 434, 458, 461
Sarcoptiformes, 323, 326, 327
general aspects, 326
Sarcoptoidea, 327
Sauroleishmania, 50
Saurophthiridae, 386, 407–409, 417
Saurophthirus, 14
Saururus tuckerae, 84
Sawflies, 463
See also Symphyta
Scarabaeidae, 452
fossil record, 455
Scarabaeinae, 452
Scarabaeoidea, 452, 485
Scelionidae, 413, 484, 486
Schizomida, 318
Schizophora, 461
as parasitoids, 460
Schlettereriinae, 489
Scintilla, 159
Scintillona, 157
Sciomyzidae, 398, 462
Sclerogibbidae, 442, 466, 467, 486
fossil record, 487
Sclerotized hooks, 237
Scolebythidae, 442, 484–486
Scoliidae, 420, 443, 482, 485
Scorpaeniformes, 187
Scorpiones, 318
Scutacaroidea, 317, 325
Sea spiders, 318
Cambropycnogon, 321
developmental pathways, 318, 321 (see
also Pycnogonida)
Seisonidae, 256
See also Seisonidea
Sejida, 332
Sepulcidae, 480
Serphidae, 482
Serphitidae, 437, 484, 485
Serphitoidea, 464, 465, 484, 485
fossil record, 485
Shangtu Formation, 478
age, 500
See also Beishan-Shangtu Biota
Sheep itch, 325
Index
Reindeer warble fly, 417
See also Hypoderma tarandi
Reoviridae, 31
Reptiles, 7, 10, 11, 16, 51, 54, 63, 93, 114,
317, 325, 330, 332, 333, 336, 412
Resin acids, 29
Resinacaridae, 325
Resource concentration hypothesis, 500
Rhabdocoela, 248
fossil record, 248
Rhaetian, 243
Rhagionidae, 413
Rhagionoidea, 413
Rhinonyssidae, 335
Rhinophoridae, 413, 414
fossil record, 413
Rhipiceridae, 397, 398, 405, 406, 419, 452
fossil record, 405, 406
Rhizocephala, 362
fossil record, 363
Rhopalopsyllus, 44
Rhopalosomatidae, 443, 484
Rhyncophthirina, 403
Rhynie chert, 71, 86, 87, 90
age, 251
Ribeiroia ondatrae, 235
Rickettsia, 334
Rickettsial pathogens, 44
Rio do Rasto Formation, 247
age, 247
Ripiphoridae, 397, 398, 406, 420, 454, 456,
470, 480, 483
evolution of parasitoidism, 397
fossil record, 406
Ripiphoridae (wedge-shaped beetles),
406, 454
Rod-shaped bacteria, 40, 41
Roproniidae, 433, 480, 482
Rotifera, 233, 295
Phylogenetic relationships, 294
Archiacanthocephala, 258, 326
Bdelloidea, 256
See also Syndermata
Rotoitidae, 439, 485
Roundworms, 5–7
See also Nematoda
Rouphozoa, 234
S
Sagamiscintilla, 157
Salmonidae, 186, 187
Salmoniformes, 187
San Just Amber, 324
See also Amber
Sanctacaris, 318
Sand flies, 49, 50
See also Phlebotominae; Phlebotomidae
Santa Maria Formation, 252
Santana Formation, 179
Saprophytic bacteria, 40
Sapygidae, 398, 484
Sarcophagidae, 398, 428, 434, 458, 461
Sarcoptiformes, 323, 326, 327
general aspects, 326
Sarcoptoidea, 327
Sauroleishmania, 50
Saurophthiridae, 386, 407–409, 417
Saurophthirus, 14
Saururus tuckerae, 84
Sawflies, 463
See also Symphyta
Scarabaeidae, 452
fossil record, 455
Scarabaeinae, 452
Scarabaeoidea, 452, 485
Scelionidae, 413, 484, 486
Schizomida, 318
Schizophora, 461
as parasitoids, 460
Schlettereriinae, 489
Scintilla, 159
Scintillona, 157
Sciomyzidae, 398, 462
Sclerogibbidae, 442, 466, 467, 486
fossil record, 487
Sclerotized hooks, 237
Scolebythidae, 442, 484–486
Scoliidae, 420, 443, 482, 485
Scorpaeniformes, 187
Scorpiones, 318
Scutacaroidea, 317, 325
Sea spiders, 318
Cambropycnogon, 321
developmental pathways, 318, 321 (see
also Pycnogonida)
Seisonidae, 256
See also Seisonidea
Sejida, 332
Sepulcidae, 480
Serphidae, 482
Serphitidae, 437, 484, 485
Serphitoidea, 464, 465, 484, 485
fossil record, 485
Shangtu Formation, 478
age, 500
See also Beishan-Shangtu Biota
Sheep itch, 325
Index