559
Pompilidae, 339
Porifera, 211
See also Sponges
Post-MMPR expansion, 487, 500
See also Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid
Revolution (MMPR)
Powdery mildews, 85, 92
Praeaulacidae, 432, 482, 484, 492–494, 496
Pragian, 251
Predation, 381
host switching, 16
Presomal musculature, 290, 291
Presomal sensory organs, 292, 293
Priapulida, 294
Princeton chert, 89
Procramptonomyiidae, 479
Proctorenyxidae, 433
Proctotrupidae, 433, 481, 484
Proctotrupoidea, 432, 480–482, 484, 485
See also Proctotrupomorpha
Proctotrupomorpha, 464
as parasitoids, 480, 487
Programmed cell death, 80
Proheterorhabditis burmanicus, 40, 41,
253
Proplebeia, 48
Prosechamyiidae, 479
Prostigmata, 317, 323
Prostriates, 335
See also Ixodes
Protelencholacidae, 422, 486
Protimaspidae, 435
Protoconodonts, 257
See also Chaetognatha
Protoculicoides sp., 54, 57
Protorculidae, 225
fossil record, 225
Protorhyphidae, 478, 479
Protostrepsiptera, 420, 456
Protoxenidae, 421, 422
Protozoa, 30
Prussian Formation, 255
See also Baltic amber
Pseudofeces, 166
Pseudohyria, 180
Pseudopulex tanlan, 392, 408
Pseudopulicidae, 392, 408, 409
Pseudoscorpiones, 318
Pseudozygopleuridae, 224
fossil record, 224
Psocoptera, 400, 402
Psoroptida, 317, 327
Psychodoidea, 412
Pterolichoidea, 327
Psychodomorpha, 478
Pterolichoidea, 327
Pteromalidae, 439, 467, 486
Pterosaurs, 11, 13, 14, 331
as hosts for
acanthocephalans, 283
Saurophthirus, 14
Pterygosomatidae, 324
Pterygosomatoidea, 317, 324
Pulicidae, 410
Pupal Parasitoidism, 385
Pupipara, 451
See also Hippoboscoidea
Purbeck Biota, 481
Taphonomy, 482
Push of the past phenomenon, 379
Pycnidia, 75
Pycnogonida, 315, 320
fossil record
Cambropycnogon, 321
general characteristics, 318
Pycnogonum littorale, 321
Pyemotidae, 326
Pyemotoidea, 317, 325
Pygocirrus butyricampum, 240
Pyralidae, 429, 463
Pyraloidea, 429
Pyramidellidae, 218–219, 224
fossil record, 218
general aspects, 218
Pyrgotidae, 426, 461
Pythina, 159
Q
Qiyia jurassica, 14, 414
Quaternary, 4, 75
R
Radiophronidae, 436, 465
Radula, 210, 221
ptenoglossate, 210, 215, 216
reduced, 210, 215, 217, 218
rhinioglossate, 221, 222
Raninoidea, 358
Raphignathina, 317, 324
Rectidentinae, 175
Red rot disease, 92
Reduviidae, 44, 404, 405
as hosts for
nocardiform actinobacteria, 44
trypanosome parasites, 49
Reduviinae, 53
Index
Pompilidae, 339
Porifera, 211
See also Sponges
Post-MMPR expansion, 487, 500
See also Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid
Revolution (MMPR)
Powdery mildews, 85, 92
Praeaulacidae, 432, 482, 484, 492–494, 496
Pragian, 251
Predation, 381
host switching, 16
Presomal musculature, 290, 291
Presomal sensory organs, 292, 293
Priapulida, 294
Princeton chert, 89
Procramptonomyiidae, 479
Proctorenyxidae, 433
Proctotrupidae, 433, 481, 484
Proctotrupoidea, 432, 480–482, 484, 485
See also Proctotrupomorpha
Proctotrupomorpha, 464
as parasitoids, 480, 487
Programmed cell death, 80
Proheterorhabditis burmanicus, 40, 41,
253
Proplebeia, 48
Prosechamyiidae, 479
Prostigmata, 317, 323
Prostriates, 335
See also Ixodes
Protelencholacidae, 422, 486
Protimaspidae, 435
Protoconodonts, 257
See also Chaetognatha
Protoculicoides sp., 54, 57
Protorculidae, 225
fossil record, 225
Protorhyphidae, 478, 479
Protostrepsiptera, 420, 456
Protoxenidae, 421, 422
Protozoa, 30
Prussian Formation, 255
See also Baltic amber
Pseudofeces, 166
Pseudohyria, 180
Pseudopulex tanlan, 392, 408
Pseudopulicidae, 392, 408, 409
Pseudoscorpiones, 318
Pseudozygopleuridae, 224
fossil record, 224
Psocoptera, 400, 402
Psoroptida, 317, 327
Psychodoidea, 412
Pterolichoidea, 327
Psychodomorpha, 478
Pterolichoidea, 327
Pteromalidae, 439, 467, 486
Pterosaurs, 11, 13, 14, 331
as hosts for
acanthocephalans, 283
Saurophthirus, 14
Pterygosomatidae, 324
Pterygosomatoidea, 317, 324
Pulicidae, 410
Pupal Parasitoidism, 385
Pupipara, 451
See also Hippoboscoidea
Purbeck Biota, 481
Taphonomy, 482
Push of the past phenomenon, 379
Pycnidia, 75
Pycnogonida, 315, 320
fossil record
Cambropycnogon, 321
general characteristics, 318
Pycnogonum littorale, 321
Pyemotidae, 326
Pyemotoidea, 317, 325
Pygocirrus butyricampum, 240
Pyralidae, 429, 463
Pyraloidea, 429
Pyramidellidae, 218–219, 224
fossil record, 218
general aspects, 218
Pyrgotidae, 426, 461
Pythina, 159
Q
Qiyia jurassica, 14, 414
Quaternary, 4, 75
R
Radiophronidae, 436, 465
Radula, 210, 221
ptenoglossate, 210, 215, 216
reduced, 210, 215, 217, 218
rhinioglossate, 221, 222
Raninoidea, 358
Raphignathina, 317, 324
Rectidentinae, 175
Red rot disease, 92
Reduviidae, 44, 404, 405
as hosts for
nocardiform actinobacteria, 44
trypanosome parasites, 49
Reduviinae, 53
Index