556
Parasitic insects, 417
Blattodea, 399, 400
Coleoptera, 405, 449, 478
Dermaptera, 394, 400
Diptera, 379, 391, 394, 399, 410–417,
446, 449
fossil record
Athericidae, 412
Blattodea, 399, 499
Calliphoridae, 417
Ceratopogonidae, 412
Cimicidae, 405
Culicidae, 392, 411
Culicoidea, 410
Culicomorpha, 479
Glossinidae, 415
Phlebotominae, 412
Pseudopulicidae, 408
Ripiphoridae, 406
Saurophthiridae, 417
Simuliidae, 412
Streblidae, 416
Tabanidae, 413
Tarwiniidae, 417
Torirostratidae, 405
general aspects, 409
Hemiptera, 394, 404, 405
Hippoboscoidea, 410, 414
Hymenoptera, 379, 394
Lepidoptera, 446, 447, 449, 462
Oestroidea, 414, 416
Phthiraptera, 402–404, 499 (see also
Phthiraptera (parasitic lice))
Psychodoidae, 412
Rhagionoidea, 410
Siphonaptera, 399, 407, 409, 410, 499
sister group, 400
Strepsiptera, 483
Parasitic isopods, 9–10, 352, 354, 355
evolution, 352
fossilization potential
gill chambers, 10
fossil record, 10, 357
Cymothoidae, 354, 357
Epicaridea, 357
pathological swellings, 357
Parasitic lice, 402
See also Phthiraptera
Parasitic mites
fossil record
Apotomelidae, 327
Dermanyssoidea, 332
Myobiidae, 324
Parasitengona, 324
Pterygosomatidae, 324
Tarsonemidae, 326
Winterschmidtiidae, 327
Parasitic narcomedusans, 111
See also Narcomedusae
Parasitic nematodes, 248–255
fossil record, 6, 248
Allonematidae, 254
Aphelenchoididae, 254
Ascarididae, 252
Ascaridomorpha, 252
Cosmocercidae, 254
Filarioidea, 254
Heterocheilidae, 252
Heterorhabditidae, 254
Heteroxynematidae, 252
Mermithida, 253
Mermithidae, 253
Oxyuridomorpha, 252, 253
Paleonematidae, 251
Thelastomatidae, 253
Tylenchomorpha, 251, 252, 254
Parasitic platyhelminths, 245
fossil record, 246
body fossils, 250
Dicrocoeliidae, 247
Eucestoda, 247
Gymnophallidae, 247
Neodermata, 245
Trematoda and Cestoda, 247
Turbellaria, 248
See also Neodermata
Parasitic pycnogonids, 318
fossil record
Cambropycnogon, 321
Parasitic worms, 232, 238
See also Helminths
Parasitidae, 331
Parasitiformes, 317, 318, 323
evolution of parasitism, 335
fossil record
Ixodida, 329–331
Mesostigmata, 334
as parasites
Antennophoridae, 332
Ascidae, 332
Dasyponyssidae, 333
Dermanyssidae, 334
Entonyssidae, 335
Halarachnidae, 334
Heterozerconidae, 332
Hystrichonyssidae, 333
Iphiopsididae, 333
Ixodida, 328
Index
Parasitic insects, 417
Blattodea, 399, 400
Coleoptera, 405, 449, 478
Dermaptera, 394, 400
Diptera, 379, 391, 394, 399, 410–417,
446, 449
fossil record
Athericidae, 412
Blattodea, 399, 499
Calliphoridae, 417
Ceratopogonidae, 412
Cimicidae, 405
Culicidae, 392, 411
Culicoidea, 410
Culicomorpha, 479
Glossinidae, 415
Phlebotominae, 412
Pseudopulicidae, 408
Ripiphoridae, 406
Saurophthiridae, 417
Simuliidae, 412
Streblidae, 416
Tabanidae, 413
Tarwiniidae, 417
Torirostratidae, 405
general aspects, 409
Hemiptera, 394, 404, 405
Hippoboscoidea, 410, 414
Hymenoptera, 379, 394
Lepidoptera, 446, 447, 449, 462
Oestroidea, 414, 416
Phthiraptera, 402–404, 499 (see also
Phthiraptera (parasitic lice))
Psychodoidae, 412
Rhagionoidea, 410
Siphonaptera, 399, 407, 409, 410, 499
sister group, 400
Strepsiptera, 483
Parasitic isopods, 9–10, 352, 354, 355
evolution, 352
fossilization potential
gill chambers, 10
fossil record, 10, 357
Cymothoidae, 354, 357
Epicaridea, 357
pathological swellings, 357
Parasitic lice, 402
See also Phthiraptera
Parasitic mites
fossil record
Apotomelidae, 327
Dermanyssoidea, 332
Myobiidae, 324
Parasitengona, 324
Pterygosomatidae, 324
Tarsonemidae, 326
Winterschmidtiidae, 327
Parasitic narcomedusans, 111
See also Narcomedusae
Parasitic nematodes, 248–255
fossil record, 6, 248
Allonematidae, 254
Aphelenchoididae, 254
Ascarididae, 252
Ascaridomorpha, 252
Cosmocercidae, 254
Filarioidea, 254
Heterocheilidae, 252
Heterorhabditidae, 254
Heteroxynematidae, 252
Mermithida, 253
Mermithidae, 253
Oxyuridomorpha, 252, 253
Paleonematidae, 251
Thelastomatidae, 253
Tylenchomorpha, 251, 252, 254
Parasitic platyhelminths, 245
fossil record, 246
body fossils, 250
Dicrocoeliidae, 247
Eucestoda, 247
Gymnophallidae, 247
Neodermata, 245
Trematoda and Cestoda, 247
Turbellaria, 248
See also Neodermata
Parasitic pycnogonids, 318
fossil record
Cambropycnogon, 321
Parasitic worms, 232, 238
See also Helminths
Parasitidae, 331
Parasitiformes, 317, 318, 323
evolution of parasitism, 335
fossil record
Ixodida, 329–331
Mesostigmata, 334
as parasites
Antennophoridae, 332
Ascidae, 332
Dasyponyssidae, 333
Dermanyssidae, 334
Entonyssidae, 335
Halarachnidae, 334
Heterozerconidae, 332
Hystrichonyssidae, 333
Iphiopsididae, 333
Ixodida, 328
Index