555
fossil record, 6 (see also Oxyuridomorpha)
Oxyuridomorpha, 252
P
Paired cerebral ganglia, 166
Palaeoagaricites antiquus, 89
Palaeoborrelia dominicana, 41
Palaeocosmocerca burmanicum, 254
Palaeoecology, 18, 19
Palaeoenoploididae, 251
Palaeoheterodonta, 174
Palaeomycus epallelus, 84
Palaeonema phyticum, 251
Palaeonisciformes, 189
Palaeorickettsia protera, 43, 44
Palaeostromatus diairetus, 46, 47
Palaeozoosporites renaultii, 80
Paleocadus burmiticus, 90
Paleocene, 175, 187, 388, 416
Paleogene, 211
Paleohaemoproteus burmacis, 54
Paleohaimatus calabresi, 62
Paleonematidae, 251
Paleoophiocordyceps coccophagus, 89, 91
Paleoparasitological techniques, 2, 19
coprology, 236 (see also Coprolites)
computed tomography, 2
ecological fitting, 15
experimental decay experiments, 177, 451
Extant Phylogenetic Bracketing (EPB), 15
paleopathology, 237
phylogenetic bracketing, 30, 123
Paleopyrenomycites devonicus, 78
Paleorhodococcus dominicanus, 44, 45
Paleoserenomyces allenbyensis, 89
Paleothelastoma tipulae, 253
Paleotriatoma metaxytaxa, 53, 56
as host for trypanosomes, 53
Paleotrypanosoma burmanicus, 51, 53
Paleovirology, 30
Paleoxyuris cockburni, 236, 252
Palpigradi, 318
Pamphilioidea, 480
Pandea, 113
Pandeidae, 113
Pangolins, 333, 335
Pansporocysts, 116
Panstrongylus hispaniolae, 53, 55
Parasite communities, 14–19
Parasitengona, 317, 324
Parasitic amphipods, 350
See also Amphipoda
Parasitic annelids, 239–244
fossil record
Branchiobdellida, 243
Myzostomida, 241, 242
Oenonidae, 241
prionognath type jaw apparatus,
240, 241
Spionidae, 242, 243
Parasitic bivalves, 154
See also Unionida; Galeommatoidea
Parasitic castration, 348
Parasitic cnidarians
Anthozoa, 110
Edwardsiidae, 112
Endocnidozoa, 110, 114 (see also
Endocnidozoa)
Hydrozoa, 110
Parasitic copepods, 9
fossil record, 9, 359, 367
pathological changes, 361
life cycle, 359
morphology, 358
pathological changes, 361
Parasitic crustaceans, 367, 368
fossilization potential, 349
See also Crustacea
Parasitic flatworms, 232
See also Neodermata
Parasitic gastropods
diversity, 211, 212
Epitoniidae, 217
fossil record
Aclis attached to fishes, 214
Architectonicidae, 219
Cerithiopsidae, 223
Coralliophilinae, 217
Cyclonema, 213
Donaldinidae, 225
Epitoniidae, 216
Eulimidae (galls), 214, 216
Gigantocapulus, 214
Mathildidae, 219
Ovulidae, 223
Platyceratidae, 213
Pseudozygopleuridae, 224
Pyramidellidae, 219
Streptacididae, 225
Triphoridae, 222
Zygopleuridae, 225
fossilization potential, 214 (see also
Gastropoda)
direct observations, 212
trace fossils, 214
general aspects, 210
morphological disparity, 210
taxonomic uniformitarianism,
215, 224
Index
fossil record, 6 (see also Oxyuridomorpha)
Oxyuridomorpha, 252
P
Paired cerebral ganglia, 166
Palaeoagaricites antiquus, 89
Palaeoborrelia dominicana, 41
Palaeocosmocerca burmanicum, 254
Palaeoecology, 18, 19
Palaeoenoploididae, 251
Palaeoheterodonta, 174
Palaeomycus epallelus, 84
Palaeonema phyticum, 251
Palaeonisciformes, 189
Palaeorickettsia protera, 43, 44
Palaeostromatus diairetus, 46, 47
Palaeozoosporites renaultii, 80
Paleocadus burmiticus, 90
Paleocene, 175, 187, 388, 416
Paleogene, 211
Paleohaemoproteus burmacis, 54
Paleohaimatus calabresi, 62
Paleonematidae, 251
Paleoophiocordyceps coccophagus, 89, 91
Paleoparasitological techniques, 2, 19
coprology, 236 (see also Coprolites)
computed tomography, 2
ecological fitting, 15
experimental decay experiments, 177, 451
Extant Phylogenetic Bracketing (EPB), 15
paleopathology, 237
phylogenetic bracketing, 30, 123
Paleopyrenomycites devonicus, 78
Paleorhodococcus dominicanus, 44, 45
Paleoserenomyces allenbyensis, 89
Paleothelastoma tipulae, 253
Paleotriatoma metaxytaxa, 53, 56
as host for trypanosomes, 53
Paleotrypanosoma burmanicus, 51, 53
Paleovirology, 30
Paleoxyuris cockburni, 236, 252
Palpigradi, 318
Pamphilioidea, 480
Pandea, 113
Pandeidae, 113
Pangolins, 333, 335
Pansporocysts, 116
Panstrongylus hispaniolae, 53, 55
Parasite communities, 14–19
Parasitengona, 317, 324
Parasitic amphipods, 350
See also Amphipoda
Parasitic annelids, 239–244
fossil record
Branchiobdellida, 243
Myzostomida, 241, 242
Oenonidae, 241
prionognath type jaw apparatus,
240, 241
Spionidae, 242, 243
Parasitic bivalves, 154
See also Unionida; Galeommatoidea
Parasitic castration, 348
Parasitic cnidarians
Anthozoa, 110
Edwardsiidae, 112
Endocnidozoa, 110, 114 (see also
Endocnidozoa)
Hydrozoa, 110
Parasitic copepods, 9
fossil record, 9, 359, 367
pathological changes, 361
life cycle, 359
morphology, 358
pathological changes, 361
Parasitic crustaceans, 367, 368
fossilization potential, 349
See also Crustacea
Parasitic flatworms, 232
See also Neodermata
Parasitic gastropods
diversity, 211, 212
Epitoniidae, 217
fossil record
Aclis attached to fishes, 214
Architectonicidae, 219
Cerithiopsidae, 223
Coralliophilinae, 217
Cyclonema, 213
Donaldinidae, 225
Epitoniidae, 216
Eulimidae (galls), 214, 216
Gigantocapulus, 214
Mathildidae, 219
Ovulidae, 223
Platyceratidae, 213
Pseudozygopleuridae, 224
Pyramidellidae, 219
Streptacididae, 225
Triphoridae, 222
Zygopleuridae, 225
fossilization potential, 214 (see also
Gastropoda)
direct observations, 212
trace fossils, 214
general aspects, 210
morphological disparity, 210
taxonomic uniformitarianism,
215, 224
Index