548
Hemiptera, 44, 51, 404, 405
as parasites
Cimicidae, 404, 405
Polyctenidae, 404
Hemisarcoptoidea, 317, 327
Hemiscarcoptidae, 327
Hennigmatidae, 478
Herefordshire, 367
Hermit crabs
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Heterocheilidae, 252, 258
Heterogynaidae, 444
Heterorhabditidae, 254
Heterostigmata, 317, 325, 326
Heteroxynematidae, 252
Heterozerconi, 317
Heterozerconidae, 332
Heterozerconoidea, 317, 332
Hettangian, 188, 478
Hexanauplia, see Maxillopoda
Heydenius araneus, 338
Hippoboscidae, 415
fossil record, 415
Hippoboscoidea, 415
Hirudinae, 243, 244
Histriobdellidae, 240
Holocene, 72, 89, 393, 465
Holometabola, 498
Holometabolous parasites, 499
Holothyrida, 328
Holothuroidea
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Hominoids, 278
Homo sapiens, 279
Hooked glochidia, 168
Hooks, 286
Acanthocephala, 7–8, 233, 237, 257,
286–288, 301, 302, 304
Horse flies, 412
See also Tabanidae
Horseshoe crabs, 322
Host response, 74, 75, 78, 80–83, 87, 90, 93
Host searching, 455
Host-seeking larva, 412
See also Planidium larva; Triungulin larva
Host switching, 16
Host tissue damage, 390, 391
Howardula helenoschini, 254
Human infections, 293
Acanthocephala, 232, 233
Hyalomma, 331
Hydrichthys, 113
Hydroptilidae, 428, 462
Hydrozoans, 121
Hymenoptera, 90, 379, 418, 425, 435, 447,
450, 455
before MMPR, 380, 471
evolution of parasitism, 394
evolution of parasitoidism, 394
from mycophagy, 397
from phytophagy/seed predation, 455
as hosts for
Mantispidae, 450
Polydnaviruses, 35
molecular divergence time estimates, 496
as parasitoids, 378, 383, 454
Aculeate Hymenoptera, 450
Apoidea, 466
Braconidae, 390
Canadian Amber Biota, 484
Ceraphronoidea, 464, 465
Chalcidoidea, 437, 463
Chrysidoidea, 441, 466
Cynipoidea, 434
Dominican Amber Biota, 486
Evanioidea, 431, 480
Jehol Biota, 482
Karatau Biota, 480
Messel Biota, 485
during MMPR, 380, 468, 473,
478, 500
Myanmar Amber Biota, 486
Orussoidea, 429
Platygastroidea, 435
Post-MMPR expansion, 479, 482, 487,
494, 500
Proctotrupoidea, 432
Purbeck Biota, 481
Stephanoidea, 429
Vespoidea, 423
Yanliao Biota, 454, 480
as social parasites
allodapine carpenter bees, 447
Hyperiida, 350
Hyperparasitism, 89, 114, 130
Hyperparasitoidism, 385
Hypoderatidae, 327
Hypoderatoidea, 317, 327
Hypoderma tarandi, 416
Hyriidae, 166, 167, 171, 172, 175, 176,
180, 189
divergence time estimates, 173
diversity, 172
Hystrichonyssidae, 333
Index
Hemiptera, 44, 51, 404, 405
as parasites
Cimicidae, 404, 405
Polyctenidae, 404
Hemisarcoptoidea, 317, 327
Hemiscarcoptidae, 327
Hennigmatidae, 478
Herefordshire, 367
Hermit crabs
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Heterocheilidae, 252, 258
Heterogynaidae, 444
Heterorhabditidae, 254
Heterostigmata, 317, 325, 326
Heteroxynematidae, 252
Heterozerconi, 317
Heterozerconidae, 332
Heterozerconoidea, 317, 332
Hettangian, 188, 478
Hexanauplia, see Maxillopoda
Heydenius araneus, 338
Hippoboscidae, 415
fossil record, 415
Hippoboscoidea, 415
Hirudinae, 243, 244
Histriobdellidae, 240
Holocene, 72, 89, 393, 465
Holometabola, 498
Holometabolous parasites, 499
Holothyrida, 328
Holothuroidea
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Hominoids, 278
Homo sapiens, 279
Hooked glochidia, 168
Hooks, 286
Acanthocephala, 7–8, 233, 237, 257,
286–288, 301, 302, 304
Horse flies, 412
See also Tabanidae
Horseshoe crabs, 322
Host response, 74, 75, 78, 80–83, 87, 90, 93
Host searching, 455
Host-seeking larva, 412
See also Planidium larva; Triungulin larva
Host switching, 16
Host tissue damage, 390, 391
Howardula helenoschini, 254
Human infections, 293
Acanthocephala, 232, 233
Hyalomma, 331
Hydrichthys, 113
Hydroptilidae, 428, 462
Hydrozoans, 121
Hymenoptera, 90, 379, 418, 425, 435, 447,
450, 455
before MMPR, 380, 471
evolution of parasitism, 394
evolution of parasitoidism, 394
from mycophagy, 397
from phytophagy/seed predation, 455
as hosts for
Mantispidae, 450
Polydnaviruses, 35
molecular divergence time estimates, 496
as parasitoids, 378, 383, 454
Aculeate Hymenoptera, 450
Apoidea, 466
Braconidae, 390
Canadian Amber Biota, 484
Ceraphronoidea, 464, 465
Chalcidoidea, 437, 463
Chrysidoidea, 441, 466
Cynipoidea, 434
Dominican Amber Biota, 486
Evanioidea, 431, 480
Jehol Biota, 482
Karatau Biota, 480
Messel Biota, 485
during MMPR, 380, 468, 473,
478, 500
Myanmar Amber Biota, 486
Orussoidea, 429
Platygastroidea, 435
Post-MMPR expansion, 479, 482, 487,
494, 500
Proctotrupoidea, 432
Purbeck Biota, 481
Stephanoidea, 429
Vespoidea, 423
Yanliao Biota, 454, 480
as social parasites
allodapine carpenter bees, 447
Hyperiida, 350
Hyperparasitism, 89, 114, 130
Hyperparasitoidism, 385
Hypoderatidae, 327
Hypoderatoidea, 317, 327
Hypoderma tarandi, 416
Hyriidae, 166, 167, 171, 172, 175, 176,
180, 189
divergence time estimates, 173
diversity, 172
Hystrichonyssidae, 333
Index