546
Fungal parasites
in Algae, 70, 85, 86
in animals
amber inclusions, 90, 91
Cordycipitaceae, 91, 92
dinosaurs, 92, 93
Rhynie chert, 90
biotrophs, 70
fossil record
Cordycipitaceae, 91–92
chytrid-like organisms, 86
early-diverging lineages, 70
in early land plants, 78–80
mycoparasites, 69–95
polyporous fungi/polypores, 75
sporocarps, 87–88
graphical synopsis, 94
hyperparasitism, 89
in land plants, 77–85
necrotrophs, 70
Rhynie chert, 71, 77, 86–87, 90
stratigraphic distribution, 72
Fungal parasitism
in ancient ecosystems, 75
coal balls, 74
fossilization potential
disease symptoms, 74
fungal mycelia, 86
fungus-fungus interactions, 88
host organisms, 73
host responses, 74, 75, 81
small reproductive units, 75
structural features, 74
fossil record, 71–77
in algae, 73
animal parasites in amber
inclusions, 90–91
ascomycotan hyphae, 75
callosities, 74–75
in Carboniferous arborescent
lycophytes, 76
Cordycipitaceae, 91–92
disease symptoms, 74
dispersed remains and plant
pathogens, 84–85
epiphyllous fungi, 83
fungal-animal interactions, 70, 88–93
fungal-fungal interactions, 71–74, 88
host responses, 75, 93
host responses in woody plants, 81–82
hyperparasitism, 89
hyphomycetous spores, 75
in land plants, 73
in Lepidodendrales, 75
pseudothecia, 75
pycnidia, 75
sporocarps, 87–88
host responses in woody plants, 81–82
appositions, 81
tyloses, 81
Lepidodendrales, 75
spatial distribution, 74
types, 75
biotrophs, 70
necrotrophs, 70
Fungi, 69–95
early evolution, 81
fossilization potential
chert, 71
coal balls, 74
host reactions, 74
microborings and chemical traces, 74
permineralized peat, 74
fossil record, 69–95
Rhynie chert, 71
zygomycetous fungi, 87
general aspects, 70
nutritional modes, 71, 77
origin, 70
as parasites, 69–95
G
Galeommatidea, 159
Galeommatoidea, 189, 190
general aspects, 156
ectocommensal species, 157
invertebrate associations, 157
molecular phylogeny, 164
morphotypes, 158
sediment-dwelling commensals, 157
Gallorommatidae, 436, 484
Gamasid mites, 331
See also Mesostigmata
Gamasina, 317
Gammaridea, 350
Gasteruptiidae, 398, 432, 484, 492, 494
Gastrointestinal tract, 4
Gastropoda, 210
as carnivorous grazers, 210
Cerithiopsidae, 222
Ovulidae, 223
Triphoridae/Cerithiopsidae, 219–223
diversity, 212
as hosts for
dipteran parasitoids, 458
as parasites, 210 (see also Parasitic
gastropods)
Architectonicidae, 219
Cerithiopsidae, 219
Index
Fungal parasites
in Algae, 70, 85, 86
in animals
amber inclusions, 90, 91
Cordycipitaceae, 91, 92
dinosaurs, 92, 93
Rhynie chert, 90
biotrophs, 70
fossil record
Cordycipitaceae, 91–92
chytrid-like organisms, 86
early-diverging lineages, 70
in early land plants, 78–80
mycoparasites, 69–95
polyporous fungi/polypores, 75
sporocarps, 87–88
graphical synopsis, 94
hyperparasitism, 89
in land plants, 77–85
necrotrophs, 70
Rhynie chert, 71, 77, 86–87, 90
stratigraphic distribution, 72
Fungal parasitism
in ancient ecosystems, 75
coal balls, 74
fossilization potential
disease symptoms, 74
fungal mycelia, 86
fungus-fungus interactions, 88
host organisms, 73
host responses, 74, 75, 81
small reproductive units, 75
structural features, 74
fossil record, 71–77
in algae, 73
animal parasites in amber
inclusions, 90–91
ascomycotan hyphae, 75
callosities, 74–75
in Carboniferous arborescent
lycophytes, 76
Cordycipitaceae, 91–92
disease symptoms, 74
dispersed remains and plant
pathogens, 84–85
epiphyllous fungi, 83
fungal-animal interactions, 70, 88–93
fungal-fungal interactions, 71–74, 88
host responses, 75, 93
host responses in woody plants, 81–82
hyperparasitism, 89
hyphomycetous spores, 75
in land plants, 73
in Lepidodendrales, 75
pseudothecia, 75
pycnidia, 75
sporocarps, 87–88
host responses in woody plants, 81–82
appositions, 81
tyloses, 81
Lepidodendrales, 75
spatial distribution, 74
types, 75
biotrophs, 70
necrotrophs, 70
Fungi, 69–95
early evolution, 81
fossilization potential
chert, 71
coal balls, 74
host reactions, 74
microborings and chemical traces, 74
permineralized peat, 74
fossil record, 69–95
Rhynie chert, 71
zygomycetous fungi, 87
general aspects, 70
nutritional modes, 71, 77
origin, 70
as parasites, 69–95
G
Galeommatidea, 159
Galeommatoidea, 189, 190
general aspects, 156
ectocommensal species, 157
invertebrate associations, 157
molecular phylogeny, 164
morphotypes, 158
sediment-dwelling commensals, 157
Gallorommatidae, 436, 484
Gamasid mites, 331
See also Mesostigmata
Gamasina, 317
Gammaridea, 350
Gasteruptiidae, 398, 432, 484, 492, 494
Gastrointestinal tract, 4
Gastropoda, 210
as carnivorous grazers, 210
Cerithiopsidae, 222
Ovulidae, 223
Triphoridae/Cerithiopsidae, 219–223
diversity, 212
as hosts for
dipteran parasitoids, 458
as parasites, 210 (see also Parasitic
gastropods)
Architectonicidae, 219
Cerithiopsidae, 219
Index