537
Amphipoda, 350, 351
evolution, 351
fossil record, 351
Gammaridea, 351
general aspects, 350
molecular divergence time estimates, 351,
353, 367
as parasites
Cyamida, 350
Hyperiida, 350
Amphisbaena, 332
Ampulicidae, 444
Anactinotrichida, 323
See also Parasitiformes
Analgoidea, 327
Anaxyelidae, 480
Anchoring, 291, 292
Ancient DNA, 46
Andreneliidae, 431, 492, 493
Anelassorhynchus
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Aneuretopsychidae, 407
Annelida, 128–129, 239
fossil record, 128–129, 239, 240
as hosts for
dipteran parasitoids, 458
myxosporean sporogonic stages, 116
myxozoans, 129–131
Oenonidae, 240
pyramidellid gastropods, 210
as parasites
myzostomids, 242 (see also
Myzostomida)
Oenonidae, 240
spionid annelids, 242 (see also
Spionidae)
Antarctic freshwater fossil sites, 169
Antennophorina, 317
Anoplura, 403
Antennophorina, 332
Antennophoroidea, 317, 332
Anthoathecata, 113
Anthomyiidae, 398, 461
Anthophoridae, 393
Anthribidae (fungus weevils), 455
fossil record, 455
Anystides, 317
Aphelenchoididae, 251, 254
Aphelida, 70
Aphelinidae, 437
Aphid-parasitoid communities, 472
Aphodiinae, 452
Aphrodita spp., 158
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 158
Apidae, 447, 467
Apocrita, 429, 463, 464, 467, 480, 481, 488
Apogastropoda, 210
Apoidea, 466, 481, 484–486
Appositions, 81
Aptenoperissidae, 429, 484
Aptian, 409, 481, 500
Arachnida, 315, 321
feeding ecology, 322
and parasitoids, 338, 339
sarcoptiforms mites, 326, 327
trombidiform mites, 323, 324, 326
victims of parasites, 338
Araneae, 318
Araucariaceae, 483
Archaeocynipidae, 434
Archaeorthoptera, 337
Archiacanthocephala, 257, 258, 301
definitive hosts, 285
Archisargoidea, 458
Architectonicidae, 219
fossil record, 219
Archosaurs, 6
Argasidae, 329, 335
fossil record, 331
Arixeniidae, 400
Armadillos, 333
Arthropoda, 7, 8, 19, 315, 348
evolution of parasitism, 378
as hosts for
acanthocephalans (thorny-headed
worms), 7
cestodes, 3
dipteran parasitoids, 458
Galeommatidae, 159
microfilaria, 7
as vectors, 30, 64
Ascarididae, 252
Ascaridoidea, 5, 6, 252, 258
Ascaridomorpha, 252
Ascarites rufferi, 252
Aschiza, 459
as parasitoids, 397
Ascidae, 332, 337
Ascoidea, 317, 332
Ascomycetes, 81
Ascomycota, 82, 85, 91
Ascospores, 87
Ascothoracida, 362
fossil record, 363
Index
Amphipoda, 350, 351
evolution, 351
fossil record, 351
Gammaridea, 351
general aspects, 350
molecular divergence time estimates, 351,
353, 367
as parasites
Cyamida, 350
Hyperiida, 350
Amphisbaena, 332
Ampulicidae, 444
Anactinotrichida, 323
See also Parasitiformes
Analgoidea, 327
Anaxyelidae, 480
Anchoring, 291, 292
Ancient DNA, 46
Andreneliidae, 431, 492, 493
Anelassorhynchus
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 157
Aneuretopsychidae, 407
Annelida, 128–129, 239
fossil record, 128–129, 239, 240
as hosts for
dipteran parasitoids, 458
myxosporean sporogonic stages, 116
myxozoans, 129–131
Oenonidae, 240
pyramidellid gastropods, 210
as parasites
myzostomids, 242 (see also
Myzostomida)
Oenonidae, 240
spionid annelids, 242 (see also
Spionidae)
Antarctic freshwater fossil sites, 169
Antennophorina, 317
Anoplura, 403
Antennophorina, 332
Antennophoroidea, 317, 332
Anthoathecata, 113
Anthomyiidae, 398, 461
Anthophoridae, 393
Anthribidae (fungus weevils), 455
fossil record, 455
Anystides, 317
Aphelenchoididae, 251, 254
Aphelida, 70
Aphelinidae, 437
Aphid-parasitoid communities, 472
Aphodiinae, 452
Aphrodita spp., 158
as hosts for
Galeommatoidea, 158
Apidae, 447, 467
Apocrita, 429, 463, 464, 467, 480, 481, 488
Apogastropoda, 210
Apoidea, 466, 481, 484–486
Appositions, 81
Aptenoperissidae, 429, 484
Aptian, 409, 481, 500
Arachnida, 315, 321
feeding ecology, 322
and parasitoids, 338, 339
sarcoptiforms mites, 326, 327
trombidiform mites, 323, 324, 326
victims of parasites, 338
Araneae, 318
Araucariaceae, 483
Archaeocynipidae, 434
Archaeorthoptera, 337
Archiacanthocephala, 257, 258, 301
definitive hosts, 285
Archisargoidea, 458
Architectonicidae, 219
fossil record, 219
Archosaurs, 6
Argasidae, 329, 335
fossil record, 331
Arixeniidae, 400
Armadillos, 333
Arthropoda, 7, 8, 19, 315, 348
evolution of parasitism, 378
as hosts for
acanthocephalans (thorny-headed
worms), 7
cestodes, 3
dipteran parasitoids, 458
Galeommatidae, 159
microfilaria, 7
as vectors, 30, 64
Ascarididae, 252
Ascaridoidea, 5, 6, 252, 258
Ascaridomorpha, 252
Ascarites rufferi, 252
Aschiza, 459
as parasitoids, 397
Ascidae, 332, 337
Ascoidea, 317, 332
Ascomycetes, 81
Ascomycota, 82, 85, 91
Ascospores, 87
Ascothoracida, 362
fossil record, 363
Index