527
Ross AJ, Mellish C, York P, Crighton B (2010) Burmese amber. In: Penney D (ed) Biodiversity
of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK,
pp 208–235
Rott AS, Godfray HCJ (2000) The structure of the leafminer–parasitoid community. J Anim Ecol
69:274–289
Salem A, Franc M, Jacquiet P, Bouhsira E, Liénard E (2012) Feeding and breeding aspects of
Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory conditions. Parasite 19:309–317
Sánchez MV, Genise JF (2009) Cleptoparasitism and detritivory in dung beetle fossil brood balls
from Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 52:837–848
Sanmartin I, Enghoff H, Ronquist F (2001) Patterns of animal dispersal, Vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic. Biol J Linn Soc 73:345–390
Santos AM, Quicke DLJ (2011) Large-scale diversity patterns of parasitoid insects. Entomol Sci
14:371–382
Schär S, Vorburger C (2013) Host specialization of parasitoids and their hyperparasitoids on a pair
of syntopic aphid species. Bull Entomol Res 103:530–537
Schlüter TE (2000) Moltenia rieki n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae?), a tentative sawfly
from the Molteno Formation (Upper Triassic), South Africa. Paläontol Z 74:75–78
Schmidt W, Schurmann M, Teichmüller M (1958) Biß-Spuren an Früchten des Miozän-Waldes der
niederrheinischen Braunkohlen-formation. Fortsch Geol Rhein Westfalen 2:563–572
Schmidt AR, Perrichot V, Svojtka M, Anderson KB, Belete KH, Bussert R, Döfelt H, Jancke S,
Mohr B, Mohrmann E, Nascimbene PC, Nel A, Nel P, Ragazzi F, Roghi G, Saupe E, Schmidt
K, Schneider H, Selden PA, Vávra N (2010) Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:7329–7334
Schmitz OJ, Hambäck PA, Beckerman AP (2000) Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: a review
of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. Am Nat 155:141–153
Scholtz CH, Chown SL (1995) The evolution of habitat use and diet in the Scarabaeoidea: a phylogenetic approach. In: Pakaluk J, Ślipiński SA (eds) Biology, phylogeny, and classification of
coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80th birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Museum and Institute of
Zoology, Warsaw
Scholtz CH, Grebennikov VV (2005) Family Scarabaeidae. In: Beutel RG, Leschen RAB (eds)
Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta; Teilband 38: Coleoptera, Beetles,
Morphology and systematics, vol 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 386–425
Schowalter TD (2016) Insect ecology: an ecosystem approach, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Schremmer F (1961) Morphologische Anpassungen von Tieren – insbesonders Insekten – an die
Gewinnung von Blumennahrung. Verhand Deut Zool Ges Saarbrücken 1961:375–401
Schuh RT, Weirauch C, Wheeler WC (2009) Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis. Syst Entomol 34:15–48
Selander RB, Mathieu JM (1964) The ontogeny of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). I. A
study of three species of the genus Pyrota. Ann Entomol Soc Am 57:711–732
Sharanowski BJ, Robbertse B, Walker J, Voss SR, Yoder R, Spatafora J, Sharkey MJ (2010)
Expressed sequence tags reveal Proctotrupomorpha (minus Chalcidoidea) as sister to Aculeata
(Hymenoptera: Insecta). Mol Phylogenet Evol 57:101–112
Sharkey MJ, Carpenter JM, Vilhelmsen L, Heraty J, Liljeblad J, Dowling APG, Schulmeister S,
Murray D, Deans AR, Ronquist F, Krogmann L, Wheeler WC (2012) Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28:80–112
Shaw SR (1988) Euphorine phylogeny: the evolution of diversity in host-utilization by parasitoid
wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Syst Entomol 13:323–335
Shaw SR (2004) Essay on the evolution of adult-parasitism in the subfamily Euphorinae
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Proc Russ Entomol Soc St Petersburg 75:82–95
Shcherbakov DE (2008) Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov.
Alavesia 2:113–124
Shcherbakov DE (2017) Cretaceous Saurophthiridae (Aphaniptera) as pupiparous pre-fleas of diving pterosaurs. Paleontol J 51:183–185
Shear WA, Palmer JM, Coddington JA, Bonamo PM (1989) A Devonian spinneret: early evidence
of spiders and silk use. Science 246:479–481
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution
Ross AJ, Mellish C, York P, Crighton B (2010) Burmese amber. In: Penney D (ed) Biodiversity
of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK,
pp 208–235
Rott AS, Godfray HCJ (2000) The structure of the leafminer–parasitoid community. J Anim Ecol
69:274–289
Salem A, Franc M, Jacquiet P, Bouhsira E, Liénard E (2012) Feeding and breeding aspects of
Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) under laboratory conditions. Parasite 19:309–317
Sánchez MV, Genise JF (2009) Cleptoparasitism and detritivory in dung beetle fossil brood balls
from Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 52:837–848
Sanmartin I, Enghoff H, Ronquist F (2001) Patterns of animal dispersal, Vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic. Biol J Linn Soc 73:345–390
Santos AM, Quicke DLJ (2011) Large-scale diversity patterns of parasitoid insects. Entomol Sci
14:371–382
Schär S, Vorburger C (2013) Host specialization of parasitoids and their hyperparasitoids on a pair
of syntopic aphid species. Bull Entomol Res 103:530–537
Schlüter TE (2000) Moltenia rieki n. gen., n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Xyelidae?), a tentative sawfly
from the Molteno Formation (Upper Triassic), South Africa. Paläontol Z 74:75–78
Schmidt W, Schurmann M, Teichmüller M (1958) Biß-Spuren an Früchten des Miozän-Waldes der
niederrheinischen Braunkohlen-formation. Fortsch Geol Rhein Westfalen 2:563–572
Schmidt AR, Perrichot V, Svojtka M, Anderson KB, Belete KH, Bussert R, Döfelt H, Jancke S,
Mohr B, Mohrmann E, Nascimbene PC, Nel A, Nel P, Ragazzi F, Roghi G, Saupe E, Schmidt
K, Schneider H, Selden PA, Vávra N (2010) Cretaceous African life captured in amber. Proc
Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:7329–7334
Schmitz OJ, Hambäck PA, Beckerman AP (2000) Trophic cascades in terrestrial systems: a review
of the effects of carnivore removals on plants. Am Nat 155:141–153
Scholtz CH, Chown SL (1995) The evolution of habitat use and diet in the Scarabaeoidea: a phylogenetic approach. In: Pakaluk J, Ślipiński SA (eds) Biology, phylogeny, and classification of
coleoptera: papers celebrating the 80th birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Museum and Institute of
Zoology, Warsaw
Scholtz CH, Grebennikov VV (2005) Family Scarabaeidae. In: Beutel RG, Leschen RAB (eds)
Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta; Teilband 38: Coleoptera, Beetles,
Morphology and systematics, vol 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 386–425
Schowalter TD (2016) Insect ecology: an ecosystem approach, 4th edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Schremmer F (1961) Morphologische Anpassungen von Tieren – insbesonders Insekten – an die
Gewinnung von Blumennahrung. Verhand Deut Zool Ges Saarbrücken 1961:375–401
Schuh RT, Weirauch C, Wheeler WC (2009) Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha
(Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis. Syst Entomol 34:15–48
Selander RB, Mathieu JM (1964) The ontogeny of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae). I. A
study of three species of the genus Pyrota. Ann Entomol Soc Am 57:711–732
Sharanowski BJ, Robbertse B, Walker J, Voss SR, Yoder R, Spatafora J, Sharkey MJ (2010)
Expressed sequence tags reveal Proctotrupomorpha (minus Chalcidoidea) as sister to Aculeata
(Hymenoptera: Insecta). Mol Phylogenet Evol 57:101–112
Sharkey MJ, Carpenter JM, Vilhelmsen L, Heraty J, Liljeblad J, Dowling APG, Schulmeister S,
Murray D, Deans AR, Ronquist F, Krogmann L, Wheeler WC (2012) Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. Cladistics 28:80–112
Shaw SR (1988) Euphorine phylogeny: the evolution of diversity in host-utilization by parasitoid
wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Syst Entomol 13:323–335
Shaw SR (2004) Essay on the evolution of adult-parasitism in the subfamily Euphorinae
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Proc Russ Entomol Soc St Petersburg 75:82–95
Shcherbakov DE (2008) Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov.
Alavesia 2:113–124
Shcherbakov DE (2017) Cretaceous Saurophthiridae (Aphaniptera) as pupiparous pre-fleas of diving pterosaurs. Paleontol J 51:183–185
Shear WA, Palmer JM, Coddington JA, Bonamo PM (1989) A Devonian spinneret: early evidence
of spiders and silk use. Science 246:479–481
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution