528
Shi GS, Grimaldi DA, Harlow GE, Wang J, Wang J, Yang MC, Lei WY, Li QL, Li XH (2012) Age
constraint on Burmese amber based on U–Pb dating of zircons. Cretac Res 37:155–163
Shi XQ, Zhao YY, Shih CK, Ren D (2013) New fossil mesoserphid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera,
Proctotrupoidea) from the Jehol Biota, China. Zootaxa 3710:591–599
Shi XQ, Zhao YY, Shih CK, Ren D (2014) Two new species of Archaeohelorus (Hymenoptera,
Proctotrupoidea, Heloridae) from the Middle Jurassic of China. ZooKeys 369:49–59. https://
doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.369.6561
Shih CK, Lin CX, Ren D (2009) The earliest fossil record of pelecinid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera:
Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) from Inner Mongolia, China. Ann Entomol Soc Am 102:20–38
Shih CK, Feng H, Liu CX, Zhao YY, Ren D (2010) Morphology, phylogeny, evolution, and dispersal of pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) over 165 million years. Ann Entomol
Soc Am 103:875–885
Shih CK, Feng H, Ren D (2011) New fossil Heloridae and Mesoserphidae wasps (Insecta,
Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea) mesoserphid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea)
from the Middle Jurassic of China. Ann Entomol Soc Am 104:1334–1348
Silvestri F (1906) Contribuzioni alla conoscenza biologia degli imenotteri parassiti. I. Biologia del
Litomastix truncatellus (Dalm.). Boll Lab Zool Gen Agr Portici 1:17–64
Simutnik SA (2002) A new genus of encyrtid wasp (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from
late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). Vest Zool 36:99–102
Simutnik SA, Perkovsky EE (2006) A description of the encyrtid male (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea:
Encyrtidae) with archaic structure of metasoma from Rovno amber. Vest Zool 40:283–286
Skidmore RE (2018) Checklist of Canadian amber inclusions in the Canadian National Collection
of Insects. Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada. http://www.biology.ualberta.
ca/facilities/strickland/SKIDMORECNCCanadianAmberInclusions.pdf
Slansky F (1986) Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: an overview. J Insect
Physiol 32:255–261
Ślipiński A, Lord N, Lawrence JF (2010) Bothrideridae Erichson, 1845. In: Leschen RAB, Beutel
RG, Lawrence JF (eds) Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta; Teilband 38:
Coleoptera, Beetles, Morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia
partim), vol 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 411–422
Smith KGV (1966) The larva of Thecophora occidensis, with comments upon the biology of
Conopidae. J Zool Lond 149:263–267
Smith KGV, Cunningham-von Someren GR (1985) The larva of Stylogaster varifrons Malloch
(Dipt., Stylogastridae). Entomol Month Mag 121:81–85
Smith JA, Tierney SM, Park YC, Fuller S, Schwarz MP (2007) Origins of social parasitism: the
importance of divergence ages in phylogenetic studies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 43:1131–1137
Sohn J-C, Labandeira C, Davis D, Mitter C (2012) An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil
Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world. Zootaxa 3286:1–132
Sokol J (2019) Troubled treasure. Science 364:722–729
Spahr U (1987) Ergänsungen und Berichtigungen zu R. Keilbach’s Bibliographie und Liste der
Bernsteinfossilen-Ordnung Hymenoptera. Stutt Beit Naturk Ser B Geol Paläontol 127:1–121
Spasojevic T, Wedmann S, Klopfstein S (2017) Seven remarkable new fossil species of parasitoid
wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit. PLoS One 13(6):e0197477
Statz G (1940) Neue Dipteren (Brachycera et Cyclorhapha) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott.
Palaeontographica Abt A 91:120–174
Stebnicka Z (1999) A new genus and species of termitophilous Eupariini from Ecuador with
checklist of the Neotropical genera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zool Cracov
42:289–295
Stevens JR (2003) The evolution of myiasis in blowflies (Calliphoridae). Int J Parasitol
33:1105–1113
Stevens JR, Willman JF, Otranto D, Wall R, Pape T (2006) The evolution of myiasis in humans
and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part II): biological studies. Trends Parasitol
22:181–188
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li
Shi GS, Grimaldi DA, Harlow GE, Wang J, Wang J, Yang MC, Lei WY, Li QL, Li XH (2012) Age
constraint on Burmese amber based on U–Pb dating of zircons. Cretac Res 37:155–163
Shi XQ, Zhao YY, Shih CK, Ren D (2013) New fossil mesoserphid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera,
Proctotrupoidea) from the Jehol Biota, China. Zootaxa 3710:591–599
Shi XQ, Zhao YY, Shih CK, Ren D (2014) Two new species of Archaeohelorus (Hymenoptera,
Proctotrupoidea, Heloridae) from the Middle Jurassic of China. ZooKeys 369:49–59. https://
doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.369.6561
Shih CK, Lin CX, Ren D (2009) The earliest fossil record of pelecinid wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera:
Proctotrupoidea: Pelecinidae) from Inner Mongolia, China. Ann Entomol Soc Am 102:20–38
Shih CK, Feng H, Liu CX, Zhao YY, Ren D (2010) Morphology, phylogeny, evolution, and dispersal of pelecinid wasps (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) over 165 million years. Ann Entomol
Soc Am 103:875–885
Shih CK, Feng H, Ren D (2011) New fossil Heloridae and Mesoserphidae wasps (Insecta,
Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea) mesoserphid wasps (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea)
from the Middle Jurassic of China. Ann Entomol Soc Am 104:1334–1348
Silvestri F (1906) Contribuzioni alla conoscenza biologia degli imenotteri parassiti. I. Biologia del
Litomastix truncatellus (Dalm.). Boll Lab Zool Gen Agr Portici 1:17–64
Simutnik SA (2002) A new genus of encyrtid wasp (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) from
late Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). Vest Zool 36:99–102
Simutnik SA, Perkovsky EE (2006) A description of the encyrtid male (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea:
Encyrtidae) with archaic structure of metasoma from Rovno amber. Vest Zool 40:283–286
Skidmore RE (2018) Checklist of Canadian amber inclusions in the Canadian National Collection
of Insects. Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada. http://www.biology.ualberta.
ca/facilities/strickland/SKIDMORECNCCanadianAmberInclusions.pdf
Slansky F (1986) Nutritional ecology of endoparasitic insects and their hosts: an overview. J Insect
Physiol 32:255–261
Ślipiński A, Lord N, Lawrence JF (2010) Bothrideridae Erichson, 1845. In: Leschen RAB, Beutel
RG, Lawrence JF (eds) Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta; Teilband 38:
Coleoptera, Beetles, Morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia, Cucujiformia
partim), vol 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 411–422
Smith KGV (1966) The larva of Thecophora occidensis, with comments upon the biology of
Conopidae. J Zool Lond 149:263–267
Smith KGV, Cunningham-von Someren GR (1985) The larva of Stylogaster varifrons Malloch
(Dipt., Stylogastridae). Entomol Month Mag 121:81–85
Smith JA, Tierney SM, Park YC, Fuller S, Schwarz MP (2007) Origins of social parasitism: the
importance of divergence ages in phylogenetic studies. Mol Phylogenet Evol 43:1131–1137
Sohn J-C, Labandeira C, Davis D, Mitter C (2012) An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil
Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world. Zootaxa 3286:1–132
Sokol J (2019) Troubled treasure. Science 364:722–729
Spahr U (1987) Ergänsungen und Berichtigungen zu R. Keilbach’s Bibliographie und Liste der
Bernsteinfossilen-Ordnung Hymenoptera. Stutt Beit Naturk Ser B Geol Paläontol 127:1–121
Spasojevic T, Wedmann S, Klopfstein S (2017) Seven remarkable new fossil species of parasitoid
wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit. PLoS One 13(6):e0197477
Statz G (1940) Neue Dipteren (Brachycera et Cyclorhapha) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott.
Palaeontographica Abt A 91:120–174
Stebnicka Z (1999) A new genus and species of termitophilous Eupariini from Ecuador with
checklist of the Neotropical genera (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Acta Zool Cracov
42:289–295
Stevens JR (2003) The evolution of myiasis in blowflies (Calliphoridae). Int J Parasitol
33:1105–1113
Stevens JR, Willman JF, Otranto D, Wall R, Pape T (2006) The evolution of myiasis in humans
and other animals in the Old and New Worlds (part II): biological studies. Trends Parasitol
22:181–188
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li