520
Friedrich F, Fukui M, Fujita M, Greve C, Grove P, Gu SC, Huang Y, Jermiin LS, Kawahara AY,
Krogmann L, Kubiak M, Lanfear R, Letsch H, Li Y, Li Z, Li JG, Lu HR, Machida R, Mashimo
Y, Kapli P, McKenna DD, Meng GL, Nakagaki Y, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ott M, Ou YX, Pass
G, Podsiadlowski L, Pohl H, von Reumont BM, Schütte K, Sekiya K, Shimizu S, Slipiński A,
Stamatakis A, Song WH, Su X, Szucsich NU, Tan MH, Tan XM, Tang M, Tang JB, Timelthaler
G, Tomizuka S, Trautwein M, Tong XL, Uchifume T, Walzl MG, Wiegmann BM, Wilbrandt
J, Wipfler B, Wong TKF, Wu Q, Wu GX, Xie YL, Yang SZ, Yang Q, Yeates DK, Yoshizawa K,
Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang WW, Zhang YH, Zhao J, Zhou CJ, Zhou LL, Ziesmann T, Zou SJ,
Li YG, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Wang J, Wang J, Kjer KM, Zhou X (2014) Phylogenomics
resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution. Science 346:763–767
Mockford EL (1971) Psocoptera from sleeping nests of the dusky-faced wood rat in southern
California (Psocoptera: Atropidae; Psoquillidae, Liposcelidae). Pan Pac Entomol 47:127–140
Mockford EL (2018) Biodiversity of Psocoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH (eds) Insect biodiversity: science and society, vol 2, 1st edn. Wiley, New York, pp 417–456
Moghaddam MG, Turrisi GF (2018) Taxonomic and faunistic study of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera,
Evanioidea) from Iran, with illustrated key to species. Zoosyst Evol 94:95–108
Morris AK (1998) A model of trophic evolutionary pathways. MS Thesis, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Morris RJ, Lewis OT, Godfray CJ (2004) Experimental evidence for apparent competition in a
tropical forest food web. Nature 428:310–313
Mostovski MB (1998) A revision of the nemestrinid flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) described by
Rohdendorf, and a description of new taxa of the Nemestrinidae from the Upper Jurassic of
Kazakhstan. Paleontol J 32:369–375
Mostovski MB, Jarzembowski EA, Coram R (2003) Tabanids and athericids (Diptera: Tabanidae,
Athericidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Transbaikalia. Paleontol Zh
2003(2):57–64
Muldrew JA (1953) The natural immunity of the larch sawfly (Pristophora erichsonii (Htg.)) to
the introduced parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can J
Zool 31:313–332
Müller CB, Adriaanse ICT, Belshaw R, Godfray HCJ (1999) The structure of an aphid–parasitoid
community. J Anim Ecol 68:346–370
Murray EA, Carmichael AE, Heraty JM (2013) Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids. Proc R Soc B 280:20130495. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rspb.2013.0495
Nagatomi A, Soroida K (1985) The structure of the mouthparts of the orthorrhaphous Brachycera
(Diptera) with special reference to blood-sucking. Beitr Entomol 35:263–308
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200
Nakata S, Maa TC (1974) A review of the parasitic earwigs (Dermaptera: Arixeniina; Hemimerina).
Pac Insect 16:307–374
Narchuk EP (1972) Predation and parasitism in the evolution of chloropid flies. Zool Zh
51:1342–1352. (in Russian)
Naumann ID, Masner L (1985) Parasitic wasps of the Proctotrupoid complex: a new family from
Australia with a key to world families (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea sensu lato). Austr J Zool
33:761–783
Nel A, Azar D (2005) The oldest parasitic Scelionidae: Teleasinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea).
Pol Pismo Entomol 74:333–338
Nel A, De Ploëg G (2004) New fossil bee flies (Diptera: Bombylioidea) in the lowermost Eocene
amber of the Paris Basin. Geol Acta 2:57–65
Nel A, Perrichot V, Néraudeau D (2003) The oldest trigonalid wasp in the late Albian amber of
Charente-Maritime (SW France) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae). Ecol Geol Helv 96:503–508
Nel A, Waller A, De Ploëg G (2004) An aulacid wasp in the Lowermost Eocene amber from the
Paris Basin (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Geol Acta 2:67–74
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li
Friedrich F, Fukui M, Fujita M, Greve C, Grove P, Gu SC, Huang Y, Jermiin LS, Kawahara AY,
Krogmann L, Kubiak M, Lanfear R, Letsch H, Li Y, Li Z, Li JG, Lu HR, Machida R, Mashimo
Y, Kapli P, McKenna DD, Meng GL, Nakagaki Y, Navarrete-Heredia JL, Ott M, Ou YX, Pass
G, Podsiadlowski L, Pohl H, von Reumont BM, Schütte K, Sekiya K, Shimizu S, Slipiński A,
Stamatakis A, Song WH, Su X, Szucsich NU, Tan MH, Tan XM, Tang M, Tang JB, Timelthaler
G, Tomizuka S, Trautwein M, Tong XL, Uchifume T, Walzl MG, Wiegmann BM, Wilbrandt
J, Wipfler B, Wong TKF, Wu Q, Wu GX, Xie YL, Yang SZ, Yang Q, Yeates DK, Yoshizawa K,
Zhang Q, Zhang R, Zhang WW, Zhang YH, Zhao J, Zhou CJ, Zhou LL, Ziesmann T, Zou SJ,
Li YG, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yang HM, Wang J, Wang J, Kjer KM, Zhou X (2014) Phylogenomics
resolves the timing and pattern of insect evolution. Science 346:763–767
Mockford EL (1971) Psocoptera from sleeping nests of the dusky-faced wood rat in southern
California (Psocoptera: Atropidae; Psoquillidae, Liposcelidae). Pan Pac Entomol 47:127–140
Mockford EL (2018) Biodiversity of Psocoptera. In: Foottit RG, Adler PH (eds) Insect biodiversity: science and society, vol 2, 1st edn. Wiley, New York, pp 417–456
Moghaddam MG, Turrisi GF (2018) Taxonomic and faunistic study of Aulacidae (Hymenoptera,
Evanioidea) from Iran, with illustrated key to species. Zoosyst Evol 94:95–108
Morris AK (1998) A model of trophic evolutionary pathways. MS Thesis, Oregon State University,
Corvallis
Morris RJ, Lewis OT, Godfray CJ (2004) Experimental evidence for apparent competition in a
tropical forest food web. Nature 428:310–313
Mostovski MB (1998) A revision of the nemestrinid flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) described by
Rohdendorf, and a description of new taxa of the Nemestrinidae from the Upper Jurassic of
Kazakhstan. Paleontol J 32:369–375
Mostovski MB, Jarzembowski EA, Coram R (2003) Tabanids and athericids (Diptera: Tabanidae,
Athericidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Transbaikalia. Paleontol Zh
2003(2):57–64
Muldrew JA (1953) The natural immunity of the larch sawfly (Pristophora erichsonii (Htg.)) to
the introduced parasite Mesoleius tenthredinis Morley in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Can J
Zool 31:313–332
Müller CB, Adriaanse ICT, Belshaw R, Godfray HCJ (1999) The structure of an aphid–parasitoid
community. J Anim Ecol 68:346–370
Murray EA, Carmichael AE, Heraty JM (2013) Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids. Proc R Soc B 280:20130495. https://doi.org/10.1098/
rspb.2013.0495
Nagatomi A, Soroida K (1985) The structure of the mouthparts of the orthorrhaphous Brachycera
(Diptera) with special reference to blood-sucking. Beitr Entomol 35:263–308
Nagler C, Haug JT (2015) From fossil parasitoids to vectors: insects as parasites and hosts. Adv
Parasitol 90:137–200
Nakata S, Maa TC (1974) A review of the parasitic earwigs (Dermaptera: Arixeniina; Hemimerina).
Pac Insect 16:307–374
Narchuk EP (1972) Predation and parasitism in the evolution of chloropid flies. Zool Zh
51:1342–1352. (in Russian)
Naumann ID, Masner L (1985) Parasitic wasps of the Proctotrupoid complex: a new family from
Australia with a key to world families (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea sensu lato). Austr J Zool
33:761–783
Nel A, Azar D (2005) The oldest parasitic Scelionidae: Teleasinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea).
Pol Pismo Entomol 74:333–338
Nel A, De Ploëg G (2004) New fossil bee flies (Diptera: Bombylioidea) in the lowermost Eocene
amber of the Paris Basin. Geol Acta 2:57–65
Nel A, Perrichot V, Néraudeau D (2003) The oldest trigonalid wasp in the late Albian amber of
Charente-Maritime (SW France) (Hymenoptera: Trigonalidae). Ecol Geol Helv 96:503–508
Nel A, Waller A, De Ploëg G (2004) An aulacid wasp in the Lowermost Eocene amber from the
Paris Basin (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae). Geol Acta 2:67–74
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li