439
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Mymaridae
Endoparasitoid
Orthoptera; Coleoptera:
Hydrophilidae, Dytiscidae
Eggs
Cenomanian–
Recent
Kaddumi (2005), Huber
(1986, 2005), Heraty and
Darling (2009), Heraty
et al. (2013), Engel et al.
(2013b), Zhang et al.
(2018c)
Ormyidae
Ectoparasitoid
Gall-forming insects
Larvae of
gallers
Hanson (1992), Peters
et al. (2017)
Perilampidae
Hyperparasitoid,
ectoparasitoid, galler
Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; Diptera:
Tachinidae; Coleoptera: Anobiidae,
Curculionidae; Hymenoptera:
Diprionidae, Ichneumonidae,
Cynipidae, Halictidae
Larvae, pupae
of wood borers,
gallers and
parasitoids
Ypresian–
Recent
Clausen (1940), Askew
(1971), Peñalver and
Engel (2006), Heraty
and Darling (2009)
Pteromalidae
Endoparasitoid, ectoparasitoid,
hyperparasitoid
Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha;
Coleoptera: Curculionidae,
(including Scolytinae), Anobiidae;
Hymenoptera: Xiphydriidae,
Cynipidae, Braconidae; Lepidoptera;
Diptera: Pupipara; Siphonaptera
Larvae, pupae
and adults of
wood borers,
gallers, seed
predators and
other
parasitoids
Aptian–Recent Askew (1971), Godfray
(1994), Whitfield (2003),
Barling et al. (2013),
Krogman (2013)
Rotoitidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
—
Campanian–
Recent
Bouček and Noyes
(1987), Gumovsky et al.
(2018)
Signiphoridae
Ectoparasitoid, hyperparasitoid Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha
Nymphs,
“pupae”
Lutetian–Recent Clausen (1940),
Perkovsky et al. (2010)
(continued)
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution