433
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Heloridae
Endoparasitoid
Neuroptera: Chrysopidae
Larvae of
predators
Callovian–
Recent
Shih et al. (2011), Shi
et al. (2014), Li et al.
(2017c)
Maamingidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae
i
Recent
Early et al. (2001)
Mesoserphidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae
i
Callovian–
Barremian
Kozlov (1968), Shih
et al. (2011), Shi et al.
(2013), Garrouste et al.
(2016)
Monomachidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae
i
Kimmeridgian–
Recent
Rasnitsyn (1988),
Whitfield (2003)
Pelecinidae
Endoparasitoid
Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae
Larvae of soil
root feeders
Callovian–
Recent
Kozlov (1974), Johnson
and Musetti (1999),
Zhang et al. (2002b),
Shih et al. (2009)
Peleserphidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
—
Cenomanian
Zhang et al. (2018b)
Peradeniidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
—
Lutetian–Recent Naumann and Masner
(1985), Johnson et al.
(2001), Grimaldi and
Engel 2005a, 2005b
Proctorenyxidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
—
Recent
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
Proctotrupidae
Endoparasitoid
Coleoptera: Staphylinidae,
Carabidae, Elateridae
Young larvae of
leaf litter
Kimmeridgian–
Recent
Askew (1971), Rasnitsyn
(1988), Whitfield (2003)
Roproniidae
Endoparasitoid
Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae
Larvae of
external feeders
Barremian–
Recent
Zhang and Zhang
(2001), Whitfield (1998),
Garrouste et al. (2016)
(continued)
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution